Savikko N, Pitkälä K H, Laurila J V, Suominen M H, Tilvis R S, Kautiainen H, Strandberg T E
Niina Savikko, Add: P.O. Box 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Tel: +358 50 5371126, Fax: +358 9 191 27536, E-mail:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(2):150-4. doi: 10.1007/s12603-013-0381-4.
To examine and compare the prevalence of use of vitamins, minerals, and fish-oil products (VMFO) in Finnish community-dwelling older people at two time points over a decade, and to explore the associated factors with the VMFO use.
A postal survey was sent to people aged 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95 years living in Helsinki, Finland in 1999 (N=3219) and in 2009 (N=2247). The response rates were 78% (n=2511) and 73% (n=1637), respectively. The surveys included items on demographic and health related factors, used medication and self-reported supplemental use of vitamins or minerals, and natural products.
The proportion of respondents using at least one VMFO was 49.8% in 1999 and 66.8% in 2009 (p<0.001). The proportion using vitamin D (RR 4.58, 95% CI 3.89 to 5.40; p<0.001), calcium (RR 2.47, 95% CI 2.18 to 2.80; p<0.001), magnesium (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.85; p<0.001), and fish-oil/omega3 products (RR 3.66, 95% CI 2.41 to 5.55; <0.001) was higher in 2009 than in 1999, even when adjusted for age, gender, living conditions, education and comorbidities, whereas that of other vitamins and fish-liver-oil products was lower. At both time points the use of VMFO was associated with female gender and higher number of used medications. In 1999, higher education was associated with VMFO-use while age and comorbidities was not. In 2009 higher age and comorbidities was associated with VMFO-use.
The use of VMFO is common among community-dwelling older people and it has significantly increased over ten years. The increase was mainly due to the use of vitamin D and calcium. The consumption of other vitamin supplements has decreased. Education was no longer associated with use of VFMO in 2009 where as age and comorbidities were.
研究并比较芬兰社区居住的老年人在十年间两个时间点使用维生素、矿物质和鱼油产品（VMFO）的流行情况，并探讨与VMFO使用相关的因素。
1999年（N = 3219）和2009年（N = 2247）向居住在芬兰赫尔辛基的75、80、85、90和95岁的人群发送了邮政调查问卷。回复率分别为78%（n = 2511）和73%（n = 1637）。调查包括有关人口统计学和健康相关因素、使用的药物以及自我报告的维生素或矿物质补充剂和天然产品使用情况的项目。
1999年至少使用一种VMFO的受访者比例为49.8%，2009年为66.8%（p<0.001）。2009年使用维生素D（相对风险4.58，95%置信区间3.89至5.40；p<0.001）、钙（相对风险2.47，95%置信区间2.18至2.80；p<0.001）、镁（相对风险1.47，95%置信区间1.17至1.85；p<0.001）和鱼油/ω-3产品（相对风险3.66，95%置信区间2.41至5.55；<0.001）的比例高于1999年，即使在对年龄、性别、生活条件、教育程度和合并症进行调整后也是如此，而其他维生素和鱼肝油产品的使用比例较低。在两个时间点，VMFO的使用都与女性性别和使用的药物数量较多有关。1999年，高等教育与VMFO的使用有关，而年龄和合并症则无关。2009年，较高的年龄和合并症与VMFO的使用有关。
VMFO在社区居住的老年人中使用普遍，且在十年间显著增加。增加主要归因于维生素D和钙的使用。其他维生素补充剂的消费量有所下降。2009年，教育不再与VFMO的使用相关，而年龄和合并症则相关。
