Hadad Uzi, Martinez Olivia, Krams Sheri M
Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Immunol Res. 2014 May;58(2-3):259-67. doi: 10.1007/s12026-014-8493-4.
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells of the innate immune system that can lyse target cells without prior sensitization and have an important role in host defense to pathogens and transformed cells. A balance between negative and positive signals transmitted via germ line-encoded inhibitory and activating receptors controls the function of NK cells. Although the concept of "missing-self" would suggest that NK cells could target foreign allografts, the prevailing dogma has been that NK cells are not active participants in the mechanisms that culminate in the rejection of solid organ allografts. Recent studies, however, challenge this conclusion and instead implicate NK cells in contributing to both graft rejection and tolerance to an allograft. In this review, we highlight recent studies with the goal of understanding the complex NK cell interactions that impact alloimmunity.
自然杀伤（NK）细胞是先天性免疫系统的效应细胞，能够在无需预先致敏的情况下裂解靶细胞，在宿主抵御病原体和转化细胞的过程中发挥重要作用。通过种系编码的抑制性和激活性受体传递的正负信号之间的平衡控制着NK细胞的功能。尽管“缺失自我”的概念表明NK细胞可能靶向异体移植物，但普遍的观点一直认为NK细胞并非实体器官异体移植排斥反应最终机制的积极参与者。然而，最近的研究对这一结论提出了挑战，反而表明NK细胞在异体移植排斥和耐受中都发挥作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近的研究，目的是了解影响同种免疫的复杂NK细胞相互作用。
