Fleck Cynthia Ann, Simman Richard
Medline Industries, Advanced Wound Care Division, Mundelein, IL 60060, USA.
Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Miamisburg, OH 45342, USA.
J Am Col Certif Wound Spec. 2011 Aug 1;2(3):50-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jcws.2010.12.003. eCollection 2010 Sep.
Collagen, which is produced by fibroblasts, is the most abundant protein in the human body. A natural structural protein, collagen is involved in all 3 phases of the wound-healing cascade. It stimulates cellular migration and contributes to new tissue development. Because of their chemotactic properties on wound fibroblasts, collagen dressings encourage the deposition and organization of newly formed collagen, creating an environment that fosters healing. Collagen-based biomaterials stimulate and recruit specific cells, such as macrophages and fibroblasts, along the healing cascade to enhance and influence wound healing. These biomaterials can provide moisture or absorption, depending on the delivery system. Collagen dressings are easy to apply and remove and are conformable. Collagen dressings are usually formulated with bovine, avian, or porcine collagen. Oxidized regenerated cellulose, a plant-based material, has been combined with collagen to produce a dressing capable of binding to and protecting growth factors by binding and inactivating matrix metalloproteinases in the wound environment. The increased understanding of the biochemical processes involved in chronic wound healing allows the design of wound care products aimed at correcting imbalances in the wound microenvironment. Traditional advanced wound care products tend to address the wound's macroenvironment, including moist wound environment control, fluid management, and controlled transpiration of wound fluids. The newer class of biomaterials and wound-healing agents, such as collagen and growth factors, targets specific defects in the chronic wound environment. In vitro laboratory data point to the possibility that these agents benefit the wound healing process at a biochemical level. Considerable evidence has indicated that collagen-based dressings may be capable of stimulating healing by manipulating wound biochemistry.
胶原蛋白由成纤维细胞产生，是人体中含量最丰富的蛋白质。作为一种天然结构蛋白，胶原蛋白参与伤口愈合级联反应的所有三个阶段。它刺激细胞迁移并有助于新组织的形成。由于胶原蛋白敷料对伤口成纤维细胞具有趋化特性，因此能促进新形成胶原蛋白的沉积和组织化，营造有利于愈合的环境。基于胶原蛋白的生物材料在愈合级联反应中刺激并募集特定细胞，如巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞，以增强和影响伤口愈合。这些生物材料可根据递送系统提供保湿或吸收功能。胶原蛋白敷料易于应用和去除，且贴合伤口。胶原蛋白敷料通常由牛、禽或猪的胶原蛋白制成。氧化再生纤维素是一种植物基材料，已与胶原蛋白结合，制成一种敷料，该敷料能够通过结合并使伤口环境中的基质金属蛋白酶失活来结合和保护生长因子。对慢性伤口愈合所涉及生化过程的深入了解，使得人们能够设计出旨在纠正伤口微环境失衡的伤口护理产品。传统的高级伤口护理产品往往关注伤口的宏观环境，包括湿润伤口环境控制、液体管理以及伤口液体的可控蒸发。新型生物材料和伤口愈合剂，如胶原蛋白和生长因子，针对慢性伤口环境中的特定缺陷。体外实验室数据表明，这些制剂有可能在生化水平上促进伤口愈合过程。大量证据表明，基于胶原蛋白的敷料可能能够通过调控伤口生物化学来刺激愈合。
