Homan Kristin J, Tylka Tracy L
Department of Psychology, Grove City College, Grove City, PA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Marion, OH, USA.
Body Image. 2014 Mar;11(2):101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
Individuals with a positive body image appreciate their bodies, hold an internal perspective of their bodies, and are satisfied with the functionality of their bodies. Research shows that positive body image is more complex than the absence of body dissatisfaction. Although exercise reduces women's body dissatisfaction, very little research has explored how, or even whether, exercise is associated with positive body image. Therefore, we examined whether exercise frequency was positively related to three aspects of positive body image (body appreciation, internal body orientation, and functional body satisfaction) among 321 college women. Appearance-based exercise motivation (the extent exercise is pursued to influence weight or shape) was hypothesized to moderate these associations. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses showed that exercise frequency was related to higher positive body image, but high levels of appearance-based exercise motivation weakened these relationships. Thus, messages promoting exercise need to de-emphasize weight loss and appearance for positive body image.
拥有积极身体意象的个体欣赏自己的身体，对自己的身体持有内在视角，并对身体的功能感到满意。研究表明，积极的身体意象比不存在身体不满更为复杂。尽管运动能减少女性对身体的不满，但很少有研究探讨运动如何与积极的身体意象相关联，甚至是否相关联。因此，我们在321名大学女生中检验了运动频率是否与积极身体意象的三个方面（身体欣赏、内在身体取向和功能性身体满意度）呈正相关。基于外表的运动动机（追求运动以影响体重或体型的程度）被假设为调节这些关联。分层调节回归分析表明，运动频率与更高的积极身体意象相关，但高水平的基于外表的运动动机削弱了这些关系。因此，为了塑造积极的身体意象，促进运动的信息需要淡化减肥和外表的影响。
