Mateo-Pascual Carmen, Julián-Viñals Rosa, Alarcón-Alarcón Teresa, Castell-Alcalá Maria Victoria, Iturzaeta-Sánchez Jose Manuel, Otero-Piume Angel
Centro de Salud Fuencarral, Atención Primaria de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Centro de Salud Dr. Castroviejo, Atención Primaria de Madrid, Madrid, España; Miembro de IdiPAZ.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2014 Sep-Oct;49(5):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2013.11.004. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly, especially among institutionalized and/or hip fracture patients. However, there are few population studies on the prevalence of this deficiency in the general population over 64 years in our environment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban population cohort of over 64 years, and analyze its relationship with sociodemographic, climatic, and health factors.
Cross-sectional study from «Peñagrande cohort», a population-based cohort consisting of people over 64 years. We determined 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and recorded sociodemographic data (age, sex, marital status, education, socioeconomic status), season of measurement and health variables (comorbidity, obesity, malnutrition, renal failure, cognitive impairment, vitamin D supplements, and disability).
A total of 468 individuals with a mean age of 76.0 years (SD: 7.7) were included, of which 53.4% were women. The mean value of vitamin D was 20.3 ± 11.7 ng/mL. The large majority (86.3%, 95% CI: 83.0-89.5) had a vitamin insufficiency (≤ 30 ng/ml), and 35.2% (95% CI: 30.8-39.7) showed severe vitamin deficiency (≤ 15 ng/ml). Vitamin insufficiency increases linearly with age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11), and was associated with low socioeconomic status (OR 3.29; 95% CI: 1.55-6.95). Severe vitamin D deficiency increases with age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09), female gender (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.18-2.75) and with cognitive impairment (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.04-2.83).
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people over 65 years of age in our community is high. It would be advisable to determine the vitamin D values in the high risk elderly in order to introduce measures of pharmacological supplementation in those with inadequate levels.
维生素D缺乏在老年人中很常见，尤其是在机构养老者和/或髋部骨折患者中。然而，在我们所处环境中，针对64岁以上普通人群中这种缺乏症患病率的人群研究较少。本研究的目的是确定64岁以上城市人群队列中维生素D缺乏的患病率，并分析其与社会人口统计学、气候和健康因素的关系。
对“佩尼亚格兰德队列”进行横断面研究，该队列是一个以人群为基础的队列，由64岁以上的人群组成。我们测定了25-羟维生素D水平，并记录了社会人口统计学数据（年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、社会经济地位）、测量季节和健康变量（合并症、肥胖、营养不良、肾衰竭、认知障碍、维生素D补充剂和残疾）。
共纳入468名平均年龄为76.0岁（标准差：7.7）的个体，其中53.4%为女性。维生素D的平均值为20.3±11.7 ng/mL。绝大多数（86.3%，95%可信区间：83.0-89.5）存在维生素不足（≤30 ng/ml），35.2%（95%可信区间：30.8-39.7）表现为严重维生素缺乏（≤15 ng/ml）。维生素不足随年龄呈线性增加（比值比1.06；95%可信区间：1.01-1.11），并与低社会经济地位相关（比值比3.29；95%可信区间：1.55-6.95）。严重维生素D缺乏随年龄增加（比值比1.06；95%可信区间：1.02-1.09）、女性（比值比1.80；95%可信区间：1.18-2.75）和认知障碍（比值比1.71；95%可信区间：1.04-2.83）而增加。
我们社区65岁以上人群中维生素D缺乏的患病率很高。建议测定高危老年人的维生素D值，以便对水平不足者采取药物补充措施。
