Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014 Mar;30 Suppl 1:41-7. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2517.
In the United States, life expectancy has markedly increased during the past century, and population ageing is expected to double within the next 25 years. The process of ageing in a population is associated with the development of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, that can be prevented, and even reversed, with the implementation of healthy lifestyle interventions. The evidence to date, consolidated by the numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials conducted, suggests that caloric restriction is an effective nutritional intervention for preventing most of these age-related conditions. At a metabolic level, caloric restriction with adequate nutrition has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce fasting glucose and insulin concentration and prevent obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and chronic inflammation. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge of the metabolic and clinical implications of caloric restriction with adequate nutrition for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
在美国，过去一个世纪中，预期寿命显著增加，预计未来 25 年内人口老龄化将增加一倍。人口老龄化的过程与慢性疾病的发展有关，如 2 型糖尿病，通过实施健康的生活方式干预，可以预防甚至逆转这些疾病。迄今为止，通过大量进行的流行病学研究和临床试验，积累了证据，表明热量限制是预防大多数与年龄相关疾病的有效营养干预措施。在代谢水平上，热量限制与充足的营养相结合已被证明可以改善胰岛素敏感性，降低空腹血糖和胰岛素浓度，并预防肥胖、2 型糖尿病、高血压和慢性炎症。本文旨在综述热量限制与充足营养对预防 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病的代谢和临床意义的最新知识。
