Abbasnezhad Amir, Falahi Ebrahim, Gonzalez Michael J, Kavehi Parivash, Fouladvand Faezeh, Choghakhori Razieh
Nutritional Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran.
Department of Human Development, School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2020 Sep 30;25(3):233-245. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.3.233.
Dietary modification is an effective method for preventing and managing hypertension. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of different dietary approaches for comparing high- and low-carbohydrate diets on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We carried out a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus without any language and time restrictions until April, 2019. We carried out a meta-analysis using both fixed and random effects models where appropriate and used the I index to evaluate heterogeneity. We identified 16 eligible studies, with a total of 1,610 participants. The overall pooled net effect of different dietary approaches on SBP and DBP were -2.29 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.49 to -1.1] and -1.03 mmHg (95% CI: -1.77 to -0.29), respectively, compared with high-carbohydrate diets. Indeed, diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids more effective in reducing both SBP and DBP than high-carbohydrate diets, whereas high-protein diets were not effective. Furthermore, we found that different dietary approaches, such as low-fat diets, did not reduce SBP or DBP to a greater extent than low-carbohydrate diets. Overall, the results of our meta-analysis show that diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids are more effective in reducing both SBP and DBP than diets high in carbohydrate, whereas other dietary approaches were not effective.
饮食调整是预防和管理高血压的有效方法。因此，我们进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以评估不同饮食方式对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者收缩压和舒张压（分别为SBP和DBP）的影响，比较高碳水化合物饮食和低碳水化合物饮食。我们使用PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、科学网和Scopus进行了全面的文献检索，没有任何语言和时间限制，截至2019年4月。我们在适当的情况下使用固定效应模型和随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，并使用I指数评估异质性。我们确定了16项符合条件的研究，共有1610名参与者。与高碳水化合物饮食相比，不同饮食方式对SBP和DBP的总体合并净效应分别为-2.29 mmHg [95%置信区间（CI）：-3.49至-1.1]和-1.03 mmHg（95%CI：-1.77至-0.29）。事实上，富含单不饱和脂肪酸的饮食在降低SBP和DBP方面比高碳水化合物饮食更有效，而高蛋白饮食则无效。此外，我们发现不同的饮食方式，如低脂饮食，在降低SBP或DBP方面并不比低碳水化合物饮食更有效。总体而言，我们的荟萃分析结果表明，富含单不饱和脂肪酸 的饮食在降低SBP和DBP方面比富含碳水化合物的饮食更有效，而其他饮食方式则无效。
