细胞外囊泡作为小RNA载体的范式转变：从细胞废物清除到治疗应用。
A paradigm shift for extracellular vesicles as small RNA carriers: from cellular waste elimination to therapeutic applications.
作者信息
Hagiwara Keitaro, Ochiya Takahiro, Kosaka Nobuyoshi
机构信息
Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan ; Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan.
Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan.
出版信息
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2014;4(1):31-7. doi: 10.1007/s13346-013-0180-9.
RNA interference (RNAi) is an important avenue for target-specific gene silencing that is mainly performed by either small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs). This novel method is rapidly becoming a powerful tool for gene therapy. However, the rapid degradation of siRNAs and miRNAs and the limited duration of their action in vivo call for an efficient delivery technology. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as delivery systems. The use of EVs as small RNA carriers has multiple advantages over conventional delivery systems. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the potential application of EVs as small RNA delivery systems. Moreover, we focus on some of the obstacles to EV-based therapeutics.
RNA干扰（RNAi）是实现靶标特异性基因沉默的重要途径，主要由小干扰RNA（siRNA）或微小RNA（miRNA）介导。这种新方法正迅速成为基因治疗的有力工具。然而，siRNA和miRNA在体内快速降解且作用持续时间有限，这就需要一种高效的递送技术。近来，细胞外囊泡（EV）作为递送系统的应用受到越来越多的关注。与传统递送系统相比，将EV用作小RNA载体具有多个优势。在本综述中，我们总结了关于EV作为小RNA递送系统潜在应用的最新研究结果。此外，我们重点关注基于EV的治疗方法所面临的一些障碍。
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