Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
Anaesthesia. 2014 Mar;69(3):270-80. doi: 10.1111/anae.12517.
Qualitative research methods are a group of techniques designed to allow the researcher to understand phenomena in their natural setting. A wide range is used, including focus groups, interviews, observation, and discourse analysis techniques, which may be used within research approaches such as grounded theory or ethnography. Qualitative studies in the anaesthetic setting have been used to define excellence in anaesthesia, explore the reasons behind drug errors, investigate the acquisition of expertise and examine incentives for hand-hygiene in the operating theatre. Understanding how and why people act the way they do is essential for the advancement of anaesthetic practice, and rigorous, well-designed qualitative research can generate useful data and important insights. Meticulous social scientific methods, transparency, reproducibility and reflexivity are markers of quality in qualitative research. Tools such as the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist and the critical appraisal skills programme are available to help authors, reviewers and readers unfamiliar with qualitative research assess its merits.
定性研究方法是一组旨在使研究人员能够在自然环境中理解现象的技术。使用了广泛的方法，包括焦点小组、访谈、观察和话语分析技术，这些方法可以在扎根理论或民族志等研究方法中使用。在麻醉环境中进行的定性研究用于定义麻醉卓越，探索药物错误背后的原因，研究专业知识的获取以及检查手术室中的手部卫生激励措施。了解人们的行为方式以及为什么会这样做对于推进麻醉实践至关重要，严格、精心设计的定性研究可以生成有用的数据和重要的见解。细致的社会科学方法、透明度、可重复性和反思性是定性研究质量的标志。有一些工具，如定性研究报告的统一标准清单和批判性评估技能计划，可帮助不熟悉定性研究的作者、审稿人和读者评估其优点。
