Rashid Mahbub
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Mahbub Rashid, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, University of Kansas, 1465 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045;
HERD. 2014 Winter;7(2):29-56. doi: 10.1177/193758671400700203.
This exploratory study describes space allocation among different generic categories of functions in adult intensive care units (ICUs) showing how the amount of space of any one functional category is related to that of another functional category, and how different strategic choices, such as size, construction type, specialty type, and layout type, affect space allocation in these ICUs.
Even though critical care practice has already undergone significant changes in the last few decades, it is still an evolving domain of medical practice. As a result, ICU design is also evolving as new regulatory standards, new technologies, and new clinical models are being introduced. A good understanding of the above issues regarding space allocation may help us better guide the evolution of ICU design.
The study includes a set of 25 adult ICUs that were recognized between 1993 and 2012 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACCN), and the American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health (AIA AAH) for their efforts to promote healing of the critically ill and injured patients through the design of the critical care unit environment.
The study finds notable differences in space allocation among different generic categories of functions between the ICUs of the first decade (1993-2002) and the second decade (2003-2012). The study also finds notable differences in space allocation among different generic categories of functions in relation to size, construction type, specialty type, and layout type.
Despite several limitations, the study should help design better adult ICUs based on an evidence-based understanding of the relationships between space allocation and strategic choices.
Construction, critical care/intensive care, evidence-based design, planning, project management.
本探索性研究描述了成人重症监护病房（ICU）中不同通用功能类别之间的空间分配情况，展示了任一功能类别的空间量与其他功能类别的空间量之间的关系，以及不同的战略选择，如规模、建筑类型、专科类型和布局类型，如何影响这些ICU的空间分配。
尽管在过去几十年中重症监护实践已经发生了重大变化，但它仍然是一个不断发展的医学实践领域。因此，随着新的监管标准、新技术和新的临床模式的引入，ICU设计也在不断发展。对上述关于空间分配的问题有一个很好的理解可能有助于我们更好地指导ICU设计的发展。
该研究包括一组25个成人ICU，这些ICU在1993年至2012年期间因通过重症监护病房环境设计促进重症和受伤患者康复的努力而得到危重病医学学会（SCCM）、美国重症护理护士协会（AACCN）和美国建筑师协会健康建筑学院（AIA AAH）的认可。
该研究发现，第一个十年（1993 - 2002年）和第二个十年（2003 - 2012年）的ICU在不同通用功能类别之间的空间分配存在显著差异。该研究还发现，在规模、建筑类型、专科类型和布局类型方面，不同通用功能类别之间的空间分配也存在显著差异。
尽管存在一些局限性，但该研究应有助于基于对空间分配与战略选择之间关系的循证理解来设计更好的成人ICU。
建筑、重症监护/加强护理、循证设计、规划、项目管理。
