Microbiology and Genomics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium,
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 Apr;98(7):2917-35. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-5557-2. Epub 2014 Feb 22.
Marine microorganisms play key roles in every marine ecological process, hence the growing interest in studying their populations and functions. Microbial communities on algae remain underexplored, however, despite their huge biodiversity and the fact that they differ markedly from those living freely in seawater. The study of this microbiota and of its relationships with algal hosts should provide crucial information for ecological investigations on algae and aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, because these microorganisms interact with algae in multiple, complex ways, they constitute an interesting source of novel bioactive compounds with biotechnological potential, such as dehalogenases, antimicrobials, and alga-specific polysaccharidases (e.g., agarases, carrageenases, and alginate lyases). Here, to demonstrate the huge potential of alga-associated organisms and their metabolites in developing future biotechnological applications, we first describe the immense diversity and density of these microbial biofilms. We further describe their complex interactions with algae, leading to the production of specific bioactive compounds and hydrolytic enzymes of biotechnological interest. We end with a glance at their potential use in medical and industrial applications.
海洋微生物在每一个海洋生态过程中都起着关键作用，因此人们对研究它们的种群和功能越来越感兴趣。然而，藻类上的微生物群落仍然没有得到充分的研究，尽管它们具有巨大的生物多样性，而且与自由生活在海水中的微生物群落明显不同。研究这种微生物群落及其与藻类宿主的关系，应该为藻类和水生生态系统的生态调查提供关键信息。此外，由于这些微生物与藻类以多种复杂的方式相互作用，它们构成了具有生物技术潜力的新型生物活性化合物的有趣来源，如脱卤酶、抗菌剂和藻类特异性多糖酶（如琼脂酶、卡拉胶酶和藻酸盐裂解酶）。在这里，为了展示与藻类相关的生物及其代谢产物在开发未来生物技术应用方面的巨大潜力，我们首先描述了这些微生物生物膜的巨大多样性和密度。我们进一步描述了它们与藻类的复杂相互作用，导致产生了具有生物技术兴趣的特定生物活性化合物和水解酶。最后，我们简要介绍了它们在医学和工业应用中的潜在用途。
