Feltgen Nicolas, Walter Peter
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Göttingen.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014 Jan 6;111(1-2):12-21; quiz 22. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0012.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is the most common retinological emergency threatening vision, with an incidence of 1 in 10 000 persons per year, corresponding to about 8000 new cases in Germany annually. Without treatment, blindness in the affected eye may result.
Selective review of the literature.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment typically presents with the perception of light flashes, floaters, or a "dark curtain." In most cases, the retinal tear is a consequence of degeneration of the vitreous body. Epidemiologic studies have identified myopia and prior cataract surgery as the main risk factors. Persons in the sixth and seventh decades of life are most commonly affected. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is an emergency, and all patients should be seen by an ophthalmologist on the same day that symptoms arise. The treatment consists of scleral buckle, removal of the vitreous body (vitrectomy), or a combination of the two. Anatomical success rates are in the range of 85% to 90%. Vitrectomy is followed by lens opacification in more than 70% of cases. The earlier the patient is seen by an ophthalmologist, the greater the chance that the macula is still attached, so that visual acuity can be preserved.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is among the main emergency indications in ophthalmology. In all such cases, an ophthalmologist must be consulted at once.
孔源性视网膜脱离是最常见的威胁视力的视网膜疾病急症，年发病率为万分之一，在德国每年约有8000例新发病例。若不治疗，患眼可能失明。
对文献进行选择性回顾。
孔源性视网膜脱离通常表现为有闪光感、飞蚊症或“黑幕感”。在大多数情况下，视网膜裂孔是玻璃体变性的结果。流行病学研究已确定近视和既往白内障手术是主要危险因素。60多岁和70多岁的人最常受累。孔源性视网膜脱离是一种急症，所有患者在出现症状当天都应就诊于眼科医生。治疗方法包括巩膜扣带术、玻璃体切除术（玻璃体切割术）或两者联合。解剖学成功率在85%至90%之间。超过70%的病例在玻璃体切除术后会出现晶状体混浊。患者就诊于眼科医生越早，黄斑仍附着的可能性就越大，从而视力得以保留。
孔源性视网膜脱离是眼科主要的急症指征之一。在所有此类病例中，必须立即咨询眼科医生。
