Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica.
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014 Jan-Feb;2(1):85-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.09.010. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
Little is known about trends in morbidity and/or mortality due to asthma in Latin America.
To examine trends in hospitalizations and mortality due to asthma from 1997-2000 to 2011 in Costa Rica.
The rates of hospitalization due to asthma were calculated for each sex in 3 age groups from 1997 to 2011. The number of deaths due to asthma was first calculated for all groups and then for each sex in 3 age groups from 2000 to 2011. All analyses were conducted over the entire period and separately for the periods before and after a National Asthma Program (NAP) in 2003. Data also were available for prescriptions for beclomethasone since 2004. All analyses were conducted by using Epi Info.
Substantial reductions were found in hospitalizations and deaths due to asthma in Costa Ricans (eg, from 25 deaths in 2000 to 5 deaths in 2011). Although, the percentage decrement in the rates of hospitalization for asthma in subjects <20 years old was similar before and after the NAP, the reduction in both deaths due to asthma and rates of asthma hospitalizations in older subjects were more pronounced after the NAP, when prescriptions for beclomethasone were also increased by approximately 129%.
In Costa Rica, there was a marked decrement in hospitalizations and mortality due to asthma from 1997-2000 to 2011. In younger subjects, this is likely due to guidelines that, since 1988, recommend inhaled corticosteroids for persistent asthma. In older adults, the NAP probably enhanced reductions in hospitalizations and deaths due to asthma through inhaled corticosteroid use.
关于拉丁美洲因哮喘导致的发病率和/或死亡率趋势，人们知之甚少。
研究哥斯达黎加自 1997-2000 年至 2011 年因哮喘住院和死亡的趋势。
计算了 1997 年至 2011 年 3 个年龄组中因哮喘住院的男女比例。首先计算了 2000 年至 2011 年所有年龄段的哮喘死亡人数，然后计算了 3 个年龄组中男女的哮喘死亡人数。所有分析均在整个研究期间进行，同时还分别在 2003 年国家哮喘计划（NAP）前后的两个时期进行分析。自 2004 年以来，还提供了倍氯米松处方的数据。所有分析均使用 Epi Info 进行。
哥斯达黎加因哮喘住院和死亡的人数显著减少（例如，2000 年有 25 人死亡，而 2011 年有 5 人死亡）。尽管 NAP 前后，20 岁以下人群哮喘住院率的百分比下降幅度相似，但 NAP 后哮喘死亡和哮喘住院率的降幅更为明显，同时倍氯米松的处方量也增加了约 129%。
在哥斯达黎加，自 1997-2000 年至 2011 年，因哮喘导致的住院和死亡人数显著减少。在年轻人群中，这可能是由于自 1988 年以来，指南推荐使用吸入性皮质类固醇治疗持续性哮喘。在老年人中，NAP 可能通过使用吸入性皮质类固醇增强了哮喘住院和死亡的减少。
