DISSAL, Section of Dermatology University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy -
G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Feb;149(1):93-102.
The clinical diagnosis of hair diseases should be supported by objective techniques. In fact many methods are able to make advantage in some genetic syndromes with the aid of the microscope or to assess the severity of hair loss, or to distinguish a true disease from a visionary complaint of the patient. More commonly qualitative and quantitative methods are useful to distinguish androgenetic alopecia from telogen effluvium, or to recognize mild and initial cicatricial alopecias or the association of different forms of hair diseases. It is mandatory however the importance of the standardization of these technique in addition to identification of the normal values. Other techniques are essential to monitoring the effect of therapies for hair growth. Some of these methods are classified in non-invasive (pull test, wash test, daily count, phototrichogram), semi-invasive (trichogram and unit area trichogram) and invasive (biopsy).
毛发疾病的临床诊断应得到客观技术的支持。事实上，许多方法在借助显微镜的情况下，能够在某些遗传性综合征中发挥优势，或者评估脱发的严重程度，或者将真正的疾病与患者的臆想性抱怨区分开来。更常见的是，定性和定量方法可用于区分雄激素性脱发和休止期脱发，或识别轻度和初始瘢痕性脱发，或不同形式的毛发疾病的组合。然而，这些技术的标准化以及正常数值的确定非常重要。其他技术对于监测毛发生长治疗的效果也至关重要。其中一些方法分为非侵入性（拔发试验、洗发试验、每日计数、毛发照相术）、半侵入性（毛发描记术和单位面积毛发描记术）和侵入性（活检）。
