Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 May 15;481:55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.039. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were analyzed in surface sediments (<30 cm depth) and two fish species: Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The samples were collected from the Napoleon Gulf on the northern shore of Lake Victoria. The analysis was done using a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer for PCBs and a GC equipped with an electron capture detector for HCHs. Total (Σ) PCBs in the muscles of fish varied widely with mean values ranging from 41 to 670 pg g(-1) lipid weight (lw). The PCB levels in L. niloticus were significantly greater than those in O. niloticus. The large variability observed in the data was attributed to differences in feeding habits and trophic levels. While O. niloticus is a filter-eating fish species feeding mainly on phytoplankton and zooplankton, L. niloticus have predatory feeding behaviors and prefer a diet of live fish and, therefore, are more prone to bio-accumulate contaminants. The mean PCB concentrations in the sediments varied from 362 to 848 pg g(-1) dry weight. Variations in PCB levels were observed from one study site to another, this was attributed to the nature and particle size of the sediments. HCH isomers were detected in fish at mean concentrations of up to 45,900 pg g(-1) lw. The PCB and HCH concentrations were lower than those from previous studies elsewhere in literature and were below the maximum residue limits set by the European Commission and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, implying that the fish was fit for human consumption.
多氯联苯 (PCBs) 和六氯环己烷 (HCHs) 在维多利亚湖北岸的纳波洛湾的表层沉积物(<30 厘米深)和两种鱼类中进行了分析:尼罗河鲈鱼 (Lates niloticus) 和尼罗罗非鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus)。使用气相色谱仪 (GC) 与高分辨率质谱仪分析 PCBs,并用配备电子捕获检测器的 GC 分析 HCHs。鱼肌肉中的总 (Σ) PCBs 差异很大,平均值范围从 41 到 670 pg g(-1) 脂重 (lw)。L. niloticus 中的 PCB 水平明显高于 O. niloticus。数据中的大变异归因于不同的饮食习惯和营养水平。虽然 O. niloticus 是一种滤食性鱼类,主要以浮游植物和浮游动物为食,但 L. niloticus 具有捕食性的饮食习惯,更喜欢食用活鱼,因此更容易生物积累污染物。沉积物中的平均 PCB 浓度从 362 到 848 pg g(-1) 干重不等。从一个研究地点到另一个研究地点观察到 PCB 水平的变化,这归因于沉积物的性质和粒径。在鱼类中检测到 HCH 异构体,浓度高达 45,900 pg g(-1) lw。PCB 和 HCH 的浓度低于文献中其他地方以前的研究报告,并且低于欧盟委员会和粮农组织/世卫组织食品法典委员会设定的最大残留限量,这意味着这些鱼适合人类食用。