Klasing K C, Barnes D M
Department of Avian Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616.
J Nutr. 1988 Sep;118(9):1158-64. doi: 10.1093/jn/118.9.1158.
Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of immunologic stress on methionine and lysine requirements of growing chicks. Immunologic stress was elicited by injection of either Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus every other day for 6 d. In the first experiment, diets were formulated to provide methionine levels of 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70%. In the second experiment, diets contained 0.75, 0.90 or 1.2% lysine. In chicks fed amino acid-sufficient diets, those chicks injected with immunogens had slower growth, lower feed intake and poorer efficiency of feed utilization than those injected with saline. The decreases due to immunogens were diminished in chicks fed amino acid-deficient diets. The methionine requirements of saline- and immunogen-injected chicks were above 0.5% and between 0.3 and 0.5%, respectively; the lysine requirements were greater than 0.95% and between 0.7 and 0.95%, respectively. Thus immunogen injection decreased methionine and lysine requirements, probably because of a decreased need of amino acids for growth and tissue accretion. Immunogen-induced depression in serum zinc and increase in serum copper levels were ameliorated by lysine or methionine deficiencies. Compared with saline-injected chicks, immunogen-injected chicks had significantly higher serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity by 53% when fed the methionine-sufficient diet, but they did not have significantly greater IL-1 levels when fed the methionine-deficient diet. These observations indicate that the diminished expression of immunologic stress in amino acid-deficient chicks is due to an impaired immune response.
开展实验以确定免疫应激对生长鸡雏蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求的影响。每隔一天注射大肠杆菌脂多糖或热灭活金黄色葡萄球菌，持续6天，从而引发免疫应激。在第一个实验中，配制的日粮蛋氨酸水平分别为0.30%、0.50%和0.70%。在第二个实验中，日粮赖氨酸含量分别为0.75%、0.90%或1.2%。在饲喂氨基酸充足日粮的鸡雏中，注射免疫原的鸡雏比注射生理盐水的鸡雏生长更慢、采食量更低且饲料利用效率更差。在饲喂氨基酸缺乏日粮的鸡雏中，免疫原导致的生长和采食量下降有所减轻。注射生理盐水和免疫原的鸡雏蛋氨酸需求量分别高于0.5%和介于0.3%至0.5%之间；赖氨酸需求量分别大于0.95%和介于0.7%至0.95%之间。因此，注射免疫原降低了蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求，这可能是因为生长和组织生长对氨基酸的需求减少。赖氨酸或蛋氨酸缺乏改善了免疫原诱导的血清锌降低和血清铜水平升高。与注射生理盐水的鸡雏相比，饲喂蛋氨酸充足日粮时，注射免疫原的鸡雏血清白细胞介素-1（IL-1）活性显著高出53%，但饲喂蛋氨酸缺乏日粮时，它们的IL-1水平并未显著更高。这些观察结果表明，氨基酸缺乏鸡雏免疫应激表达减弱是由于免疫反应受损。
