Valdiani Alireza, Talei Daryush, Tan Soon Guan, Abdul Kadir Mihdzar, Maziah Mahmood, Rafii Mohd Yusop, Sagineedu Sreenivasa Rao
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia ; Medicinal Plant Research Centre, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 25;9(2):e87034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087034. eCollection 2014.
Andrographolides, the diterpene lactones, are major bioactive phytochemicals which could be found in different parts of the medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata. A number of such compounds namely andrographolide (AG), neoandrographolide (NAG), and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAG) have already attracted a great deal of attention due to their potential therapeutic effects in hard-to-treat diseases such as cancers and HIV. Recently, they have also been considered as substrates for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Nevertheless, there is still a huge gap in knowledge on the genetic pattern of the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of these phytochemicals using a diallel analysis. The high performance liquid chromatography analysis of the three andrographolides in 210 F1 progenies confirmed that the biosynthesis of these andrographolides was considerably increased via intraspecific hybridization. The results revealed high, moderate and low heterosis for DDAG, AG and NAG, respectively. Furthermore, the preponderance of non-additive gene actions was affirmed in the enhancement of the three andrographolides contents. The consequence of this type of gene action was the occurrence of high broad-sense and low narrow-sense heritabilities for the above mentioned andrographolides. The prevalence of non-additive gene action suggests the suitability of heterosis breeding and hybrid seed production as a preferred option to produce new plant varieties with higher andrographolide contents using the wild accessions of A. paniculata. Moreover, from an evolutionary point of view, the occurrence of population bottlenecks in the Malaysian accessions of A. paniculata was unveiled by observing a low level of additive genetic variance (VA ) for all the andrographolides.
穿心莲内酯，即二萜内酯，是主要的生物活性植物化学物质，可在药用植物穿心莲的不同部位找到。许多此类化合物，即穿心莲内酯（AG）、新穿心莲内酯（NAG）和14-去氧-11,12-二脱氢穿心莲内酯（DDAG），因其在癌症和艾滋病毒等难治性疾病中的潜在治疗作用而备受关注。最近，它们也被视为发现新型药物化合物的底物。然而，关于这些生物活性化合物生物合成的遗传模式，仍存在巨大的知识空白。因此，本研究旨在通过双列分析研究控制这些植物化学物质生物合成的遗传机制。对210个F1后代中三种穿心莲内酯的高效液相色谱分析证实，通过种内杂交，这些穿心莲内酯的生物合成显著增加。结果显示，DDAG、AG和NAG分别表现出高、中、低杂种优势。此外，在三种穿心莲内酯含量的增加中，非加性基因作用占优势得到了证实。这种基因作用的结果是上述穿心莲内酯具有高广义遗传力和低狭义遗传力。非加性基因作用的普遍存在表明，杂种优势育种和杂交种子生产适合作为一种首选方法，利用穿心莲的野生种质培育出穿心莲内酯含量更高的新植物品种。此外，从进化的角度来看，通过观察所有穿心莲内酯的加性遗传方差（VA）水平较低，揭示了马来西亚穿心莲种质中存在种群瓶颈。
