当前可用神经毒素的比较与概述。
Comparison and overview of currently available neurotoxins.
作者信息
Walker Thomas J, Dayan Steven H
机构信息
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
出版信息
J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014 Feb;7(2):31-9.
BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin has been in use since the 1970s. Over the last few years, the indications for botulinum toxin use have extended for cosmetic and noncosmetic applications. Three preparations of botulinum toxin type A and one preparation of botulinum toxin type B are commercially available and approved for use in the United States by the United States Food and Drug Administration.
OBJECTIVE
To review the most recent literature on all commercially available botulinum toxins in the United States, their indications, Food and Drug Administration approvals, and handling (reconstitution, storage, and dilution).
METHODS
A literature review (not Cochrane type analysis) using several databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, textbooks, Food and Drug Administration homepage, and manufacturer information) was performed.
CONCLUSION
Several different preparations of botulinum toxins exist worldwide, none of which are identical or interchangeable. Manufacturer recommendations on all available botulinum neurotoxins advise the use of unpreserved saline for reconstitution. Side effects are mostly mild and always self-limited. More serious complications are associated with higher doses, improper injection techniques, and occur in patients with underlying comorbidities.
背景
自20世纪70年代以来，肉毒杆菌毒素就已开始使用。在过去几年中，肉毒杆菌毒素的应用适应症已扩展至美容和非美容领域。有三种A型肉毒杆菌毒素制剂和一种B型肉毒杆菌毒素制剂在市场上销售，并获得了美国食品药品监督管理局在美国使用的批准。
目的
回顾美国市场上所有在售肉毒杆菌毒素的最新文献，包括其适应症、美国食品药品监督管理局的批准情况以及处理方法（复溶、储存和稀释）。
方法
通过使用多个数据库（PubMed、MEDLINE、教科书、美国食品药品监督管理局主页和制造商信息）进行文献综述（非Cochrane类型分析）。
结论
全球存在几种不同的肉毒杆菌毒素制剂，没有一种是相同的或可互换的。所有在售肉毒杆菌神经毒素的制造商建议使用无防腐剂的生理盐水进行复溶。副作用大多轻微且总是自限性的。更严重的并发症与高剂量、不当注射技术有关，且发生在有基础合并症的患者中。
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