门诊面部整形手术：神经调节剂

Johnson Andrew J, Chen David S

Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson Arizona USA.

World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Jul 27;9(3):220-226. doi: 10.1002/wjo2.121. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Botulinum toxin is a potent neuromodulator commonly used for cosmetic applications in the clinic. In this article, we reviewed the various formulations of botulinum toxin type A commercially available in the United States, as well as clinical pearls for preprocedural planning, common in-office injections, and management of complications.

肉毒杆菌毒素是一种强效神经调节剂，在临床上常用于美容用途。在本文中，我们回顾了美国市场上可买到的各种A型肉毒杆菌毒素制剂，以及术前规划、常见的门诊注射和并发症处理方面的临床要点。