Noufal Ahammed, George Antony, Jose Maji, Khader Mohasin Abdul, Jayapalan Cheriyanthal Sisupalan
a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology , MES Dental College , Perinthalmanna , Kerala , India.
Subst Abus. 2014;35(1):89-95. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2013.812053.
Tobacco in any form (smoking or chewing), arecanut chewing, and alcohol are considered to be the major extrinsic etiological factors for potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and for squamous cell carcinoma, the most common oral malignancy in India. An increase in nuclear diameter (ND) and nucleus-cell ratio (NCR) with a reduction in cell diameter (CD) are early cytological indicators of dysplastic change. The authors sought to identify cytomorphometric changes in ND, CD, and NCR of oral buccal cells in tobacco and arecanut chewers who chewed with or without betel leaf.
Participants represented 3 groups. Group I consisted of 30 individuals who chewed tobacco and arecanut with betel leaf (BQT chewers). Group II consisted of 30 individuals who chewed tobacco and arecanut without betel leaf (Gutka chewers). Group III comprised 30 apparently healthy nonabusers. Cytological smears were prepared and stained with modified-Papanicolaou stain.
Comparisons between Groups I and II and Groups II and III showed that ND was increased, with P values of .054 and .008, respectively, whereas a comparison of Groups I and III showed no statistical significance. Comparisons between Groups I and II and Groups II and III showed that CD was statistically reduced, with P values of .037 and <.000, respectively, whereas comparison of Groups I and III showed no statistical significance. Comparisons between Groups I and II and groups II and III showed that NCR was statistically increased, with P values of <.000, whereas a comparison of Groups I and III showed no statistical significance.
CD, ND, and NCR showed statistically significant changes in Group II in comparison with Group I, which could indicate larger and earlier risk of carcinoma for Gutka chewers than in BQT chewers.
任何形式的烟草（吸烟或咀嚼）、嚼槟榔以及饮酒被认为是口腔潜在恶性疾病和鳞状细胞癌（印度最常见的口腔恶性肿瘤）的主要外部病因。细胞核直径（ND）增加、核细胞比（NCR）增加以及细胞直径（CD）减小是发育异常改变的早期细胞学指标。作者试图确定在咀嚼烟草和槟榔时是否搭配蒌叶的人群中口腔颊细胞的ND、CD和NCR的细胞形态计量学变化。
参与者分为3组。第一组由30名咀嚼烟草、槟榔并搭配蒌叶的人（BQT咀嚼者）组成。第二组由30名咀嚼烟草、槟榔但不搭配蒌叶的人（古特卡咀嚼者）组成。第三组由30名明显健康的非使用者组成。制备细胞学涂片并用改良巴氏染色法染色。
第一组与第二组以及第二组与第三组之间的比较显示，ND增加，P值分别为0.054和0.008，而第一组与第三组的比较无统计学意义。第一组与第二组以及第二组与第三组之间的比较显示，CD在统计学上降低，P值分别为0.037和<0.000，而第一组与第三组的比较无统计学意义。第一组与第二组以及第二组与第三组之间的比较显示，NCR在统计学上增加，P值<0.000，而第一组与第三组的比较无统计学意义。
与第一组相比，第二组的CD、ND和NCR有统计学上的显著变化，这可能表明古特卡咀嚼者比BQT咀嚼者患癌风险更大且更早。
