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身心症状与心理健康水平与就业状况的关系：瑞典一项大型横断面研究中社会资本的影响

Psychosomatic symptoms and low psychological well-being in relation to employment status: the influence of social capital in a large cross-sectional study in Sweden.

机构信息

Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden.

出版信息

Int J Equity Health. 2014 Mar 4;13:22. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-13-22.

DOI:10.1186/1475-9276-13-22
PMID:24593256
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3973887/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Unemployment is associated with adverse effects on health. Social capital has been suggested as a promoter of health via several causal pathways that are associated with the known health risk factors of being unemployed. This cross-sectional study investigated possible additive- and interaction effects of unemployment and five different measures of social capital in relation to psychosomatic symptoms and low psychological well-being.

METHODS

A random population sample of 20,538 individuals aged 18-85 years from five counties in Sweden completed a postal survey questionnaire including questions of employment status, psychosomatic symptoms, psychological well-being (General Health Questionnaire-12) and social capital.

RESULTS

Psychosomatic symptoms and reduced psychological well-being were more frequent among unemployed individuals compared with individuals who were employed. Moreover, low social capital and unemployment had additive effects on ill-health. Unemployed individuals with low social capital--specifically with low tangible social support-had increased ill-health compared with unemployed individuals with high social capital. Moreover, to have low social capital within several different areas magnified the negative effects on health. However, no significant interaction effects were found suggesting no moderating effect of social capital in this regard.

CONCLUSIONS

Elements of social capital, particularly social support, might be important health-protective factors among individuals who are unemployed.

摘要

背景

失业与健康的不良影响有关。社会资本被认为是通过与失业相关的已知健康风险因素有关的几种因果途径促进健康的因素。本横断面研究调查了失业和五种不同的社会资本衡量指标与身心症状和低心理幸福感之间可能的附加和交互作用。

方法

从瑞典五个县随机抽取了 20538 名年龄在 18-85 岁的人群进行了一项邮寄问卷调查，其中包括就业状况、身心症状、心理幸福感（一般健康问卷-12）和社会资本。

结果

与就业者相比，失业者身心症状和心理幸福感降低的情况更为常见。此外，低社会资本和失业对健康不良有累加效应。与具有高社会资本的失业者相比，具有低有形社会支持的低社会资本的失业者健康不良的风险增加。此外，在几个不同领域中具有低社会资本会放大对健康的负面影响。但是，没有发现显著的交互作用效应，表明社会资本在这方面没有调节作用。

结论

社会资本的要素，特别是社会支持，可能是失业者的重要健康保护因素。