Graduate Program in Immunology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Immunology. 2014 Jul;142(3):347-53. doi: 10.1111/imm.12272.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid second messenger that signals via five G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5 ). S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling is associated with a wide variety of physiological processes including lymphocyte biology, their recirculation and determination of T-cell phenotypes. The effect of FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya™) to regulate lymphocyte egress and to ameliorate paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis led to the use of FTY720 as a first-line oral agent for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, a significant body of research suggests that S1P signalling may participate in diverse immune regulatory functions other than lymphocyte trafficking. This review article discusses the current knowledge of S1P signalling in the fate and function of T regulatory, T helper type 17 and memory T cells in health and disease.
鞘氨醇-1-磷酸（S1P）是一种脂质第二信使，通过五种 G 蛋白偶联受体（S1P1-5）信号传递。S1P 受体（S1PR）信号与多种生理过程相关，包括淋巴细胞生物学、它们的再循环和 T 细胞表型的决定。FTY720（芬戈莫德，Gilenya™）调节淋巴细胞迁出并改善实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（多发性硬化症的动物模型）中的瘫痪的作用，导致 FTY720 被用作治疗复发性缓解型多发性硬化症的一线口服药物。然而，大量研究表明，S1P 信号传递可能参与除淋巴细胞运输以外的多种免疫调节功能。本文讨论了 S1P 信号传递在健康和疾病状态下 T 调节细胞、辅助性 T 细胞 17 型和记忆 T 细胞的命运和功能中的最新知识。
