Sharma Sachin, Chepurna Oksana, Sun Tao
Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Cancer Drug Resist. 2023 Oct 11;6(4):688-708. doi: 10.20517/cdr.2023.82. eCollection 2023.
As the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma is estimated to end over 10,000 lives each year in the United States alone. Stand treatment for glioblastoma, including surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy (i.e., Temozolomide), has been largely unchanged since early 2000. Cancer immunotherapy has significantly shifted the paradigm of cancer management in the past decade with various degrees of success in treating many hematopoietic cancers and some solid tumors, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little progress has been made in the field of neuro-oncology, especially in the application of immunotherapy to glioblastoma treatment. In this review, we attempted to summarize the common drug resistance mechanisms in glioblastoma from Temozolomide to immunotherapy. Our intent is not to repeat the well-known difficulty in the area of neuro-oncology, such as the blood-brain barrier, but to provide some fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance by summarizing some of the most recent literature. Through this review, we also hope to share some new ideas for improving the immunotherapy outcome of glioblastoma treatment.
作为成人中最常见且侵袭性最强的原发性脑肿瘤类型，仅在美国，胶质母细胞瘤估计每年就导致超过10000人死亡。自21世纪初以来，胶质母细胞瘤的标准治疗方法，包括手术，随后进行放疗和化疗（即替莫唑胺），基本没有变化。在过去十年中，癌症免疫疗法显著改变了癌症治疗模式，在治疗许多血液系统癌症和一些实体瘤（如黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌）方面取得了不同程度的成功。然而，神经肿瘤学领域进展甚微，尤其是在免疫疗法应用于胶质母细胞瘤治疗方面。在这篇综述中，我们试图总结胶质母细胞瘤从替莫唑胺到免疫疗法的常见耐药机制。我们的目的不是重复神经肿瘤学领域众所周知的难题，如血脑屏障，而是通过总结一些最新文献，对耐药的分子机制提供一些新的见解。通过这篇综述，我们还希望分享一些改善胶质母细胞瘤免疫治疗效果的新想法。
