Chaparian A, Kanani A, Baghbanian M
Department of Medical Physic, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
J Med Phys. 2014 Jan;39(1):32-9. doi: 10.4103/0971-6203.125500.
The objectives of this paper were calculation and comparison of the effective doses, the risks of exposure-induced cancer, and dose reduction in the gonads for male and female patients in different projections of some X-ray examinations. Radiographies of lumbar spine [in the eight projections of anteroposterior (AP), posteroanterior (PA), right lateral (RLAT), left lateral (LLAT), right anterior-posterior oblique (RAO), left anterior-posterior oblique (LAO), right posterior-anterior oblique (RPO), and left posterior-anterior oblique (LPO)], abdomen (in the two projections of AP and PA), and pelvis (in the two projections of AP and PA) were investigated. A solid-state dosimeter was used for the measuring of the entrance skin exposure. A Monte Carlo program was used for calculation of effective doses, the risks of radiation-induced cancer, and doses to the gonads related to the different projections. Results of this study showed that PA projection of abdomen, lumbar spine, and pelvis radiographies caused 50%-57% lower effective doses than AP projection and 50%-60% reduction in radiation risks. Also use of LAO projection of lumbar spine X-ray examination caused 53% lower effective dose than RPO projection and 56% and 63% reduction in radiation risk for male and female, respectively, and RAO projection caused 28% lower effective dose than LPO projection and 52% and 39% reduction in radiation risk for males and females, respectively. About dose reduction in the gonads, using of the PA position rather than AP in the radiographies of the abdomen, lumbar spine, and pelvis can result in reduction of the ovaries doses in women, 38%, 31%, and 25%, respectively and reduction of the testicles doses in males, 76%, 86%, and 94%, respectively. Also for oblique projections of lumbar spine X-ray examination, with employment of LAO rather than RPO and also RAO rather than LPO, demonstrated 22% and 13% reductions to the ovaries doses and 66% and 54% reductions in the testicles doses, respectively.
本文的目的是计算和比较在某些X射线检查的不同投照方式下，男性和女性患者的有效剂量、辐射诱发癌症的风险以及性腺剂量的降低情况。研究了腰椎（前后位、后前位、右侧位、左侧位、右后前斜位、左后前斜位、右前后斜位和左前后斜位这八个投照方式）、腹部（前后位和后前位这两个投照方式）和骨盆（前后位和后前位这两个投照方式）的X线摄影。使用固态剂量计测量皮肤入口处的照射量。利用蒙特卡罗程序计算有效剂量、辐射诱发癌症的风险以及与不同投照方式相关的性腺剂量。本研究结果表明，腹部、腰椎和骨盆X线摄影的后前位投照所产生的有效剂量比前后位投照低50%-57%，辐射风险降低50%-60%。此外，腰椎X线检查采用左后前斜位投照所产生的有效剂量比右后前斜位投照低53%，男性和女性的辐射风险分别降低56%和63%，右后前斜位投照所产生的有效剂量比左后前斜位投照低28%，男性和女性的辐射风险分别降低52%和39%。关于性腺剂量的降低，在腹部、腰椎和骨盆X线摄影中使用后前位而非前后位投照，可使女性卵巢剂量分别降低38%、31%和25%，男性睾丸剂量分别降低76%、86%和94%。同样，对于腰椎X线检查的斜位投照，采用左后前斜位而非右后前斜位以及右后前斜位而非左后前斜位，分别可使卵巢剂量降低22%和13%，睾丸剂量降低66%和54%。
