Cardile Sabrina, Romano Claudio
Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Italy.
Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2012 Feb 28;3:27-31. doi: 10.2147/AHMT.S23193. eCollection 2012.
Gastroesophageal reflux is a common condition in the pediatric population, with an increasing incidence in the last few years. It can be defined as an effortless retrograde movement of gastric contents into the esophagus related to complex multifactorial pathogenesis, involving anatomical, hormonal, environmental, and genetic factors. In some cases, it may be associated with esophageal or extraesophageal symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation), and is defined as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The therapeutic approach to gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children is often conservative, including changes in lifestyle (eg, posture and thickening of meals). If these children remain symptomatic after lifestyle changes (nutrition, feeding, and positional modification), or present with clinical red flags (poor weight gain, recurrent respiratory symptoms, or hematemesis) and complications of GERD (esophagitis, bleeding, stricture, Barrett's esophagus, or adenocarcinoma) it may be necessary to set up a proper diagnostic protocol. Proton pump inhibitors have been recommended as the most effective acid suppression therapy for adults and pediatric patients. Esomeprazole, the S-isomer of omeprazole, is the only single-isomer proton pump inhibitor available. The paper assesses the safety and tolerability of esomeprazole in pediatric and adolescent patients.
胃食管反流是儿科人群中的常见病症，在过去几年中发病率不断上升。它可被定义为胃内容物向食管的一种自然逆行运动，这与复杂的多因素发病机制有关，涉及解剖学、激素、环境和遗传因素。在某些情况下，它可能与食管或食管外症状（烧心和反流）相关，并被定义为胃食管反流病（GERD）。婴幼儿和儿童胃食管反流的治疗方法通常较为保守，包括生活方式的改变（如姿势和食物增稠）。如果这些儿童在生活方式改变（营养、喂养和体位调整）后仍有症状，或出现临床警示信号（体重增加不佳、反复呼吸道症状或呕血）以及GERD的并发症（食管炎、出血、狭窄、巴雷特食管或腺癌），则可能需要制定适当的诊断方案。质子泵抑制剂已被推荐为成人和儿科患者最有效的抑酸疗法。埃索美拉唑是奥美拉唑的S-异构体，是唯一可用的单异构体质子泵抑制剂。本文评估了埃索美拉唑在儿科和青少年患者中的安全性和耐受性。
