Rafetseder Eva, Perner Josef
Child Dev Perspect. 2014 Mar;8(1):54-58. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12061.
Counterfactual reasoning (CFR)-mentally representing what the world would be like now if things had been different in the past-is an important aspect of human cognition and the focus of research in areas such as philosophy, social psychology, and clinical psychology. More recently, it has also gained broad interest in cognitive developmental psychology, mainly focusing on the question of how this kind of reasoning can be characterized. Studies have been inconsistent in identifying when children can use CFR. In this article, we present theoretical positions that may account for this inconsistency and evaluate them in the light of research on counterfactual emotions.
反事实推理（CFR）——即在脑海中设想如果过去的事情有所不同，现在的世界会是什么样子——是人类认知的一个重要方面，也是哲学、社会心理学和临床心理学等领域的研究重点。最近，它在认知发展心理学中也引起了广泛关注，主要聚焦于这种推理如何被表征的问题。关于儿童何时能够运用反事实推理，研究结果并不一致。在本文中，我们提出了一些可能解释这种不一致性的理论观点，并根据关于反事实情绪的研究对其进行评估。
