Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2014 Apr;8(2):221-31. doi: 10.1586/17476348.2014.890518.
Lung transplantation survival remains significantly impacted by infections and the development of chronic rejection manifesting as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Traditional microbiologic data has provided insight into the role of infections in BOS. Now, new non-culture-based techniques have been developed to characterize the entire population of microbes resident on the surfaces of the body, also known as the human microbiome. Early studies have identified that lung transplant patients have a different lung microbiome and have demonstrated the important finding that the transplant lung microbiome changes over time. Furthermore, both unique bacterial populations and longitudinal changes in the lung microbiome have now been suggested to play a role in the development of BOS. In the future, this technology will need to be combined with functional assays and assessment of the immune responses in the lung to help further explain the microbiome's role in the failing lung allograft.
肺移植受者的存活率仍然受到感染和慢性排斥反应（以闭塞性细支气管炎综合征（BOS）的形式表现）的显著影响。传统的微生物数据使人们深入了解了感染在 BOS 中的作用。现在，已经开发出了新的非培养技术来描述身体表面上所有微生物的特征，这些微生物也被称为人体微生物组。早期的研究已经确定，肺移植患者的肺部微生物组不同，并证明了一个重要的发现，即移植肺的微生物组随时间而变化。此外，现在已经有人提出，独特的细菌群体和肺部微生物组的纵向变化在 BOS 的发展中发挥作用。在未来，这项技术将需要与功能检测和肺部免疫反应的评估相结合，以帮助进一步解释微生物组在衰竭肺移植物中的作用。
