Calbet J A L, Ponce-González J G, Pérez-Suárez I, de la Calle Herrero J, Holmberg H-C
Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015 Apr;25(2):223-33. doi: 10.1111/sms.12194. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
To determine whether a fast reduction in fat mass can be achieved in 4 days by combining caloric restriction (CR: 3.2 kcal/kg body weight per day) with exercise (8-h walking + 45-min arm cranking per day) to induce an energy deficit of ∼5000 kcal/day, 15 overweight men underwent five experimental phases: pretest, exercise + CR for 4 days (WCR), control diet + reduced exercise for 3 days (DIET), and follow-up 4 weeks (POST1) and 1 year later (POST2). During WCR, the diet consisted solely of whey protein (n = 8) or sucrose (n = 7) (0.8 g/kg body weight per day). After WCR, DIET, POST1, and POST2, fat mass was reduced by a mean of 2.1, 2.8, 3.8, and 1.9 kg (P < 0.05), with two thirds of this loss from the trunk; and lean mass by 2.8, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 kg, respectively. After WCR, serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced, and free fatty acid and cortisol increased. Serum leptin was reduced by 64%, 50%, and 33% following WCR, DIET, and POST1, respectively (P < 0.05). The effects were similar in both groups. In conclusion, a clinically relevant reduction in fat mass can be achieved in overweight men in just 4 days by combining prolonged exercise with CR.
为了确定通过将热量限制（CR：每天3.2千卡/千克体重）与运动（每天8小时步行 + 45分钟手摇曲柄运动）相结合以诱导每天约5000千卡的能量赤字，是否能在4天内快速减少脂肪量，15名超重男性经历了五个实验阶段：预测试、4天的运动 + CR（WCR）、3天的对照饮食 + 减少运动（DIET）以及4周（POST1）和1年后（POST2）的随访。在WCR期间，饮食仅由乳清蛋白（n = 8）或蔗糖（n = 7）组成（每天0.8克/千克体重）。在WCR、DIET、POST1和POST2之后，脂肪量平均减少了2.1、2.8、3.8和1.9千克（P < 0.05），其中三分之二的减少来自躯干；瘦体重分别减少了2.8、1.0、0.5和0.4千克。在WCR之后，血清葡萄糖、胰岛素、稳态模型评估、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及甘油三酯降低，游离脂肪酸和皮质醇增加。血清瘦素在WCR、DIET和POST1之后分别降低了64%、50%和33%（P < 0.05）。两组的效果相似。总之，通过将长时间运动与CR相结合，超重男性仅在4天内就能实现临床上相关的脂肪量减少。
