McPherson Marla C, Robinson Charmaine M, Gehlen Lida P, Delany Mary E
Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Chromosome Res. 2014 Apr;22(1):71-83. doi: 10.1007/s10577-014-9411-2.
Well-characterized molecular and cytogenetic maps are yet to be established in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The aim of the current study was to cytogenetically map and determine linkage of specific genes and gene complexes in Japanese quail through the use of chicken (Gallus gallus) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) genomic DNA probes and conduct a comparative study among the three genomes. Chicken and turkey clones were used as probes on mitotic metaphase and meiotic pachytene stage chromosomes of the three species for the purpose of high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The genes and complexes studied included telomerase RNA (TR), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), 5S rDNA, 18S-5.8S-28S rDNA (i.e., nucleolus organizer region (NOR)), and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The telomeric profile of Japanese quail was investigated through the use of FISH with a TTAGGG-PNA probe. A range of telomeric array sizes were confirmed as found for the other poultry species. Three NOR loci were identified in Japanese quail, and single loci each for TR, TERT, 5S rDNA and the MHC-B. The MHC-B and one NOR locus were linked on a microchromosome in Japanese quail. We confirmed physical linkage of 5S rDNA and the TR gene on an intermediate-sized chromosome in quail, similar to both chicken and turkey. TERT localized to CJA 2 in quail and the orthologous chromosome region in chicken (GGA 2) and in turkey (MGA 3). The cytogenetic profile of Japanese quail was further developed by this study and synteny was identified among the three poultry species.
日本鹌鹑（Coturnix japonica）尚未建立特征明确的分子和细胞遗传图谱。本研究的目的是通过使用鸡（Gallus gallus）和火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo）基因组DNA探针，对日本鹌鹑的特定基因和基因复合体进行细胞遗传学定位并确定其连锁关系，并在这三个基因组之间进行比较研究。为了进行高分辨率荧光原位杂交（FISH），将鸡和火鸡的克隆用作探针，对这三个物种的有丝分裂中期和减数分裂粗线期染色体进行检测。所研究的基因和复合体包括端粒酶RNA（TR）、端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）、5S rDNA、18S - 5.8S - 28S rDNA（即核仁组织区（NOR））以及主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）。通过使用TTAGGG - PNA探针进行FISH研究了日本鹌鹑的端粒图谱。确认了与其他家禽物种一样存在一系列端粒阵列大小。在日本鹌鹑中鉴定出三个NOR位点，TR、TERT、5S rDNA和MHC - B各有一个单一位点。在日本鹌鹑中，MHC - B和一个NOR位点在一条微染色体上连锁。我们证实了鹌鹑中5S rDNA和TR基因在一条中等大小的染色体上存在物理连锁，这与鸡和火鸡相似。TERT定位于鹌鹑的CJA 2以及鸡（GGA 2）和火鸡（MGA 3）的同源染色体区域。本研究进一步完善了日本鹌鹑的细胞遗传学图谱，并确定了这三种家禽物种之间的同线性。
