Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR8502, Univ. Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
Chem Soc Rev. 2014 Jun 7;43(11):3865-83. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60478k. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
In this tutorial review, we present the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy for surface plasmon mapping within metallic nanoparticles. We put a special emphasis on particles that are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light. We start by introducing the concept of surface plasmons, keeping the formalism as simple as possible by focusing on the quasi-static approximation. We then make a link between optical cross-sections, EELS and CL probabilities, and the surface plasmons' physical properties. A short survey of simulation tools is given. We then present typical experimental set-ups and describe some problems frequently encountered with spectrometers. Experimental conditions for improved signal to noise ratio are discussed. Analysis techniques are discussed, especially those related to the spectral imaging mode, which is extremely useful in EELS and CL experiments. Finally, the specific range of applications of EELS and CL with respect to other nano-optic techniques is discussed, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of EELS as compared with CL.
在本教程综述中，我们介绍了电子能量损失谱 (EELS) 和阴极发光 (CL) 光谱学在金属纳米粒子中表面等离激元映射的应用。我们特别关注远小于可见光波长的粒子。我们首先介绍表面等离激元的概念，通过聚焦于准静态近似，使形式尽可能简单。然后，我们将光学截面、EELS 和 CL 概率与表面等离激元的物理性质联系起来。还给出了对模拟工具的简短调查。然后介绍典型的实验设置，并描述与光谱仪相关的一些常见问题。讨论了提高信噪比的实验条件。讨论了分析技术，特别是与光谱成像模式相关的技术，该模式在 EELS 和 CL 实验中非常有用。最后，讨论了 EELS 和 CL 相对于其他纳米光学技术的特定应用范围，以及 EELS 相对于 CL 的优缺点。
