Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
Neuron. 2014 Mar 5;81(5):1190-1202. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.033.
Sometimes when a choice is made, the outcome is not guaranteed and there is only a probability of its occurrence. Each individual's attitude to probability, sometimes called risk proneness or aversion, has been assumed to be static. Behavioral ecological studies, however, suggest such attitudes are dynamically modulated by the context an organism finds itself in; in some cases, it may be optimal to pursue actions with a low probability of success but which are associated with potentially large gains. We show that human subjects rapidly adapt their use of probability as a function of current resources, goals, and opportunities for further foraging. We demonstrate that dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) carries signals indexing the pressure to pursue unlikely choices and signals related to the taking of such choices. We show that dACC exerts this control over behavior when it, rather than ventromedial prefrontal cortex, interacts with posterior cingulate cortex.
有时候，当做出选择时，结果并不确定，只有发生的概率。每个人对概率的态度，有时称为风险倾向或厌恶，被认为是静态的。然而，行为生态学研究表明，这种态度会被生物体所处的环境动态地调节；在某些情况下，追求成功概率低但潜在收益大的行动可能是最优的。我们表明，人类受试者会根据当前的资源、目标以及进一步觅食的机会，迅速调整他们对概率的使用。我们证明，背侧前扣带皮层（dACC）携带了与追求不太可能的选择相关的信号以及与做出这种选择相关的信号。我们表明，当 dACC 与后扣带回而不是腹内侧前额叶皮质相互作用时，它会对行为施加这种控制。
