Hsiao Elaine Y
From the Divisions of Biology and of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology.
Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014 Mar-Apr;22(2):104-11. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000029.
While autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by communication impairments, social abnormalities, and stereotypic behaviors, several medical comorbidities are observed in autistic individuals. Of these, gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities are of particular interest given their reported prevalence and correlation with the severity of core autism-related behavioral abnormalities. This review discusses the GI pathologies seen in ASD individuals and the association of particular GI conditions with known genetic and environmental risk factors for autism. It further addresses how GI abnormalities can affect the neuropathological and behavioral features of ASD, as well as the development of autism-related endophenotypes such as immune dysregulation, hyperserotonemia, and metabolic dysfunction. Finally, it presents emerging evidence for a gut-brain connection in autism, wherein GI dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis or severity of ASD symptoms.
虽然自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的特征是沟通障碍、社交异常和刻板行为，但在自闭症个体中观察到了几种医学合并症。其中，胃肠道（GI）异常因其报告的患病率以及与核心自闭症相关行为异常严重程度的相关性而备受关注。本综述讨论了在ASD个体中出现的胃肠道病理情况，以及特定胃肠道疾病与已知的自闭症遗传和环境风险因素之间的关联。它还进一步探讨了胃肠道异常如何影响ASD的神经病理学和行为特征，以及自闭症相关内表型的发展，如免疫失调、高血清素血症和代谢功能障碍。最后，它展示了自闭症中肠脑连接的新证据，其中胃肠道功能障碍可能导致ASD症状的发病机制或严重程度。
