Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University München, Germany.
Front Neurorobot. 2014 Feb 28;8:11. doi: 10.3389/fnbot.2014.00011. eCollection 2014.
We report results of an acoustic duration reproduction task with stimulus duration of 2, 4, and 6 s, using 45 emotionally negative, positive, and neutral sounds from the International Affective Digitized Sounds System, in a sample of 31 young healthy participants. To investigate the influence of induced emotions on perceived duration, the effects of emotional modulation were quantified in two ways: (1) via model-free indices (aggregated ratios of reproduced times), and (2) via dual klepsydra model (dkm)-based estimates of parameters of internal time representation. Both data-analytic approaches reveal an effect of emotional valence/arousal, namely, a significantly longer reproduction response for emotional stimuli than for the neutral stimuli. The advantage of the dkm-based approach is its ability to disentangle stimulus-related effects, which are represented by "flow intensities," from general effects which are due to the lossy character of temporal integration. We explain the rationale of the dkm-based strategy and interpret the observed effect within the dkm-framework as transient increase of internal "flows." This interpretation is in line with recent conceptualizations of an "embodiment" of time where the model-posited flows correspond to the ongoing stream of interoceptive (bodily) neural signals. Neurophysiological findings on correlations between the processing of body signals and the perception of time provide cumulative evidence for this working hypothesis.
我们报告了一项使用国际情感数字化声音系统中的 45 个情感负面、积极和中性声音，在 31 名年轻健康参与者样本中进行的 2、4 和 6 秒刺激持续时间的听觉持续时间再现任务的结果。为了研究诱发情绪对感知持续时间的影响，我们以两种方式量化了情绪调节的影响：（1）通过无模型指数（再现时间的总和比），和（2）通过基于双漏壶模型（dkm）的内部时间表示参数的估计。这两种数据分析方法都揭示了情绪效价/唤醒的影响，即情绪刺激的再现反应明显长于中性刺激。基于 dkm 的方法的优点是它能够区分由“流强度”表示的与刺激相关的效应，以及由于时间整合的损耗特性而导致的一般效应。我们解释了基于 dkm 的策略的基本原理，并在 dkm 框架内将观察到的效应解释为内部“流”的瞬时增加。这种解释与时间的“体现”的最新概念化一致，其中模型提出的流对应于内脏（身体）神经信号的持续流。身体信号处理与时间感知之间相关性的神经生理学发现为这一工作假设提供了累积证据。
