Barral Maria F M, de Oliveira Gisele R, Lobato Rubens C, Mendoza-Sassi Raul A, Martínez Ana M B, Gonçalves Carla V
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2014 Mar-Apr;56(2):133-8. doi: 10.1590/S0036-46652014000200008.
In the absence of intervention, the rate of vertical transmission of HIV can range from 15-45%. With the inclusion of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and the choice of delivery route this amounts to less than 2%. However ARV use during pregnancy has generated several questions regarding the adverse effects of the gestational and neonatal outcome. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women living in Rio Grande and the influence of the use of ARVs in pregnancy outcome. Among the 262 pregnant women studied the rate of vertical transmission of HIV was found to be 3.8%. Regarding the VT, there was a lower risk of transmission when antiretroviral drugs were used and prenatal care was conducted at the referral service. However, the use of ART did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. However, initiation of prenatal care after the first trimester had an influence on low birth weight, as well as performance of less than six visits increased the risk of prematurity. Therefore, the risk factors analyzed in this study appear to be related to the realization of inadequate pre-natal and maternal behavior.
在没有干预措施的情况下，HIV的垂直传播率可在15%至45%之间。在孕期使用抗逆转录病毒药物并选择分娩方式后，这一比例降至2%以下。然而，孕期使用抗逆转录病毒药物引发了一些关于对妊娠和新生儿结局不良影响的问题。本研究旨在分析居住在里奥格兰德的HIV-1血清阳性孕妇垂直传播的危险因素以及使用抗逆转录病毒药物对妊娠结局的影响。在所研究的262名孕妇中，发现HIV的垂直传播率为3.8%。关于垂直传播，使用抗逆转录病毒药物并在转诊服务机构进行产前检查时，传播风险较低。然而，抗逆转录病毒治疗的使用并未影响妊娠结局。然而，孕晚期开始产前检查对低出生体重有影响，就诊次数少于6次也会增加早产风险。因此，本研究分析的危险因素似乎与产前护理不足和产妇行为有关。
