Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-shi 656-834, Republic of Korea.
Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje-shi 656-834, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-320, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2014 Sep;110:111-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.022. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Polystyrene (PS) is made flame retardant by combining with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). HBCD can release from consumer products during their production, use or disposal. As a result, it has become a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment with a high potential for bioaccumulation. Therefore, to evaluate the extent of exposure to HBCD from PS, we determined the concentration of HBCD in a variety of products (n=34) made from three types of commonly used PS: expanded PS (EPS), extruded PS foam (XPS), and extruded PS. The concentration of HBCD was highest in EPS, with a mean value and range of 475643±16710ngg(-1) and 106-960000ngg(-1), respectively. PS related to building construction and laboratory uses had a significantly higher concentration of HBCD (3300-905000ngg(-1)), except XPS styroboard (191±100ngg(-1)). Lower concentrations were measured in most food-related products (24.3-199ngg(-1)). However, a relatively high concentration of HBCD was detected in an ice box (960000±29000ngg(-1)), aquaculture buoy (53500±2100ngg(-1)), and disposable tray (8430±730ngg(-1)) used in fish market, raising concern for public health. Our data demonstrate a wide variation in the concentration of HBCD, suggesting a lack of proper controls for the addition of HBCD to PS products. Other brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were also detected in a majority of the XPS products (TBBPA=3.83-545ngg(-1), BTBPE=44-216ngg(-1) and DBDPE=215-4200ngg(-1)). Thus, HBCD is being added to PS along with other BFRs that cannot be ignored.
聚苯乙烯（PS）通过与六溴环十二烷（HBCD）结合来阻燃。HBCD 在其生产、使用或处置过程中会从消费品中释放出来。因此，它已成为环境中无处不在的污染物，具有很高的生物蓄积潜力。因此，为了评估 PS 中 HBCD 的暴露程度，我们测定了三种常用 PS（发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）、挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫（XPS）和挤塑聚苯乙烯）制成的各种产品（n=34）中的 HBCD 浓度。EPS 中的 HBCD 浓度最高，平均值和范围分别为 475643±16710ngg(-1)和 106-960000ngg(-1)。与建筑施工和实验室用途有关的 PS 含有明显更高浓度的 HBCD（3300-905000ngg(-1)），除了 XPS 苯板（191±100ngg(-1)）。在大多数与食品相关的产品中，浓度较低（24.3-199ngg(-1)）。然而，在一个冰箱（960000±29000ngg(-1)）、水产养殖浮标（53500±2100ngg(-1)）和一次性托盘（8430±730ngg(-1)）中检测到相对较高浓度的 HBCD，这些产品用于鱼市场，引起了对公共健康的关注。我们的数据表明 HBCD 的浓度存在广泛的差异，这表明对 PS 产品添加 HBCD 缺乏适当的控制。在大多数 XPS 产品中还检测到其他溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）（TBBPA=3.83-545ngg(-1)，BTBPE=44-216ngg(-1)和 DBDPE=215-4200ngg(-1)）。因此，HBCD 与其他不可忽视的 BFRs 一起被添加到 PS 中。
