Danone, Food Safety Center, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2024 Nov;23(6):e70059. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70059.
Food contact materials should not release their constituent substances into food at levels harmful to human health nor change the food composition, taste, or odor unacceptably. The historical evolution of food packaging shows that the use of plastics has increased dramatically, because of its convenience, lightweight, and cost effectiveness, but carries a significant environmental impact. Influenced by trends such as growing awareness of the environmental footprint and stricter safety requirements, conventional packaging is now progressively evolving toward new alternatives. All stakeholders in the agrifood system are involved in the journey to transform food packaging to more sustainable alternatives, while maintaining the important functionalities of suitable food packaging. The current most promising food packaging alternatives are presented in this review with their benefits, limitations, and associated potential safety hazards, with a focus on chemical hazards. Although some potential hazards are common to conventional packaging, others are specific to the new alternatives. Identification of potential chemical hazards associated with these new packaging alternatives is important to anticipate any risks posed to consumer safety. With much diversity in packaging types and rules aimed at ensuring safety drastically varying between jurisdictions, it is not always easy to determine the best way to assess the safety of food packaging. International guidance on principles for safe food packaging could help drive global harmonization and would play a crucial role in ensuring a consistent and science-based framework for the safety and compliance of new and emerging food packaging.
食品接触材料不应向食品中释放出有害于人体健康的成分物质，也不应使食品的组成、味道或气味发生不可接受的改变。食品包装的历史演变表明，由于其便利性、轻便性和成本效益，塑料的使用急剧增加，但对环境有重大影响。受环境足迹意识日益增强和安全要求更加严格等趋势的影响，传统包装正在逐步向新的替代品发展。农业食品系统的所有利益相关者都参与到将食品包装转变为更可持续替代品的旅程中，同时保持合适食品包装的重要功能。本文重点介绍了目前最有前途的食品包装替代品，包括它们的优点、局限性和相关的潜在安全危害，特别是化学危害。虽然一些潜在危害是传统包装共有的，但其他危害是新替代品特有的。识别这些新包装替代品相关的潜在化学危害对于预测对消费者安全构成的任何风险非常重要。由于包装类型和旨在确保安全的规则存在多样性，并且不同司法管辖区之间的安全评估规则差异很大，因此并不总是容易确定评估食品包装安全性的最佳方法。关于安全食品包装原则的国际指导方针有助于推动全球协调统一，并将在确保新出现的食品包装的安全性和合规性方面发挥至关重要的作用，因为这需要一个一致的、基于科学的框架。
