Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Regione Campania, Italy.
School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.
Vet Parasitol. 2014 Jun 16;203(1-2):139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
To determine how far management practices on small ruminant dairy flocks in southern Italy have influenced the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR), faecal egg count (FEC) reduction tests were run on 54 sheep farms using the FLOTAC technique with a sensitivity of 2 eggs per gram of faeces. Tests were run on groups of sheep (12-20 animals per group) using six anthelmintics administered orally: levamisole on 8 farms, ivermectin (half and full dose) on 8 farms, moxidectin on 3 farms, monepantel on 8 farms, netobimin on 22 farms (pooled samples) and albendazole on 5 farms (pooled samples). Different formulae and statistics were used to calculate FEC reductions and confidence intervals based on the presence of a control group and/or the use of pooled samples. A very high average efficacy was obtained with all anthelmintics tested as follows: levamisole 99.3% (range across farms 98-100%), ivermectin half dose 99.5% (98.0-100%), ivermectin full dose 99.9% (99.3-100%), moxidectin 100% (99.9-100%), monepantel 99.4% (97-100%), netobimin 99.1% (92-100%) and albendazole 100%. The results suggest that the development of AR in small ruminants could be limited in countries with a Mediterranean type of climate provided that refugia of the nematode populations are maintained, anthelmintic use is restricted and movement of animals is not permitted to spread resistance.
为了确定意大利南部小反刍动物奶牛场的管理实践对驱虫药耐药性（AR）发展的影响程度，使用 FLOTAC 技术对 54 个绵羊养殖场进行了粪便卵计数（FEC）减少测试，该技术的灵敏度为每克粪便 2 个卵。使用 6 种口服驱虫药对绵羊组（每组 12-20 只动物）进行了测试：在 8 个农场使用左旋咪唑，在 8 个农场使用伊维菌素（半剂量和全剂量），在 3 个农场使用莫昔克丁，在 8 个农场使用莫尼平，在 22 个农场（混合样本）使用硝唑尼特，在 5 个农场（混合样本）使用阿苯达唑。根据是否存在对照组和/或使用混合样本，使用不同的公式和统计数据来计算 FEC 减少率和置信区间。所有测试的驱虫药都获得了非常高的平均疗效，具体如下：左旋咪唑 99.3%（各农场的范围为 98-100%），伊维菌素半剂量 99.5%（98.0-100%），伊维菌素全剂量 99.9%（99.3-100%），莫昔克丁 100%（99.9-100%），莫尼平 99.4%（97-100%），硝唑尼特 99.1%（92-100%）和阿苯达唑 100%。结果表明，在气候为地中海型的国家，只要保持线虫种群的避难所，限制驱虫药的使用并禁止动物移动以传播耐药性，小反刍动物的 AR 发展可能会受到限制。
