Department of Parasitology, Sardar Krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India,
Parasitol Res. 2014 May;113(5):1919-26. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-3839-3. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
The crude methanolic extract of Datura stramonium, Azadirachta indica, and Calotropis procera leaves, Allium sativum (AS) cloves, and Carica papaya (CP) seeds collected from Banaskanta, Gujarat (India) was tested for its acaricidal properties against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The percent adult mortality within 15 days, reproductive index, percentage inhibition of oviposition, hatching of laid ova, and percentage larval mortality were studied at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml. At the highest concentration (100 mg/ml), the adult tick mortality was 66.67, 73.33, 80.00, and 93.33% for C. procera, D. stramonium, A. sativum, and C. papaya extracts, respectively, and it was statistically significant (P < 0.001). However, for A. indica, mortality was low and estimated to be 33.33%. Inhibition of oviposition at the highest concentration of A. indica, C. procera, D. stramonium, A. sativum, and C. papaya extract-treated ticks was 20.73, 71.34, 77.17, 85.83, and 100.00%, respectively. Inhibition of fecundity of treated groups differed significantly from the control and was concentration dependent. Larvae treated with all the tested concentrations of A. indica, C. procera, D. stramonium, A. sativum, and C. papaya extracts by larval packet test showed significant mortality (P < 0.001) than that of control tick larvae, and at the highest concentration, it was 55.2, 63.2, 71.8, 69.0, and 82.2%, respectively. Garlic cloves and papaya seed extract produced complete failure of eclosion of eggs from the treated ticks even at lower concentrations; however, neem, calotropis, and datura was capable of reducing hatchability by 20, 50, and 70%, respectively. The results pointed that the crude extracts of A. sativum cloves and C. papaya seeds have very good acaricidal properties and could be a potential component of alternative R. (B.) microplus tick control strategy.
从印度古吉拉特邦班纳萨卡塔采集的颠茄、印楝和牛角瓜叶、大蒜（AS）鳞茎和番木瓜种子的粗甲醇提取物，对硬蜱（Boophilus）微小种进行了杀蜱活性测试。在 12.5、25、50 和 100 mg/ml 浓度下，研究了 15 天内成虫死亡率、繁殖指数、产卵抑制率、卵孵化率和幼虫死亡率。在最高浓度（100 mg/ml）下，C. procera、D. stramonium、A. sativum 和 C. papaya 提取物处理的成蜱死亡率分别为 66.67%、73.33%、80.00%和 93.33%，具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。然而，对于印楝，死亡率较低，估计为 33.33%。在最高浓度下，A. indica、C. procera、D. stramonium、A. sativum 和 C. papaya 提取物处理的蜱的产卵抑制率分别为 20.73%、71.34%、77.17%、85.83%和 100.00%。处理组的繁殖力抑制与对照组有显著差异，且与浓度有关。幼虫包被试验中，用 A. indica、C. procera、D. stramonium、A. sativum 和 C. papaya 提取物处理的所有测试浓度的幼虫均表现出显著的死亡率（P<0.001），明显高于对照蜱幼虫，且在最高浓度下，死亡率分别为 55.2%、63.2%、71.8%、69.0%和 82.2%。大蒜鳞茎和番木瓜种子提取物即使在较低浓度下也能完全阻止处理蜱的卵孵化；然而，印楝、牛角瓜和颠茄能够将孵化率降低 20%、50%和 70%。结果表明，大蒜鳞茎和番木瓜种子的粗提取物具有很好的杀蜱特性，可能是替代硬蜱（R.）微小种控制策略的潜在成分。
