Ghods Ahad J
Transplantation Unit, Hashemi Nejad Kidney Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Exp Clin Transplant. 2014 Mar;12 Suppl 1:38-41. doi: 10.6002/ect.25liver.l29.
The first kidney transplant in Iran was performed in 1967, and this was the first organ transplant in countries that are current members of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation. In 1988, in response to the long waiting list at the Iranian Ministry of Health for kidney transplant, a state-regulated living-unrelated donor kidney transplant program was adopted. By 1999, the kidney transplant waiting list in Iran was eliminated. In 1989, a fatwa (religious approval) from the Supreme Religious Leader was obtained that recognized brain death and allowed deceased-donor organ transplant. Subsequently, transplant centers began performing deceased-donor kidney, liver, and heart transplants. In 2000, the Brain Death and Organ Transplantation Act was passed by the Iranian parliament, legalizing deceased-donor organ transplant. The transplant team at Shiraz began performing more deceased-donor kidney and liver transplants and became a successful deceased-donor organ transplant model in the country. By the end of 2012, there were 34166 kidney (including 4436 deceased-donor) and 2021 liver (including 1788 deceased-donor), 482 heart, 147 pancreas, 63 lung, and several intestine and multiorgan transplants performed in Iran. In 2011, there were 2771 solid-organ transplants performed in Iran (37 transplants per million population), and Iran ranked as number 33 among the 50 most active countries worldwide. In 2011 and 2012, Iran was ahead of all country members of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation in performing deceased-donor kidney and liver transplants.
伊朗的首例肾移植手术于1967年实施，这也是中东器官移植协会现有成员国中的首例器官移植手术。1988年，鉴于伊朗卫生部肾移植等候名单过长，该国采用了一项由国家监管的非亲属活体供肾移植计划。到1999年，伊朗的肾移植等候名单已被消除。1989年，伊朗获得了最高宗教领袖发布的一项法特瓦（宗教许可），该法特瓦承认脑死亡并允许进行尸体器官移植。随后，移植中心开始开展尸体供肾、肝和心脏移植手术。2000年，伊朗议会通过了《脑死亡与器官移植法》，使尸体器官移植合法化。设拉子的移植团队开始实施更多的尸体供肾和肝移植手术，并成为该国成功的尸体器官移植典范。截至2012年底，伊朗共进行了34166例肾移植（包括4436例尸体供肾）、2021例肝移植（包括1788例尸体供肝）、482例心脏移植、147例胰腺移植、63例肺移植以及数例肠道和多器官移植手术。2011年，伊朗共进行了2771例实体器官移植手术（每百万人口中有37例移植手术），在全球50个器官移植最活跃的国家中排名第33位。在2011年和2012年，伊朗在尸体供肾和肝移植手术方面领先于中东器官移植协会的所有成员国。
