Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China; School of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Gene. 2014 May 25;542(1):8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.029. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
Pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is widely cultured to produce seawater pearl in South China, and the quality of pearl is significantly affected by its shell color. Thus the Pearl Oyster Selective Breeding Program (POSBP) was carried out for the shell color and growth traits. The black (B), gold (G), red (R) and white (W) shell strains with fast growth trait were achieved after five successive generation selection. In this study, AFLP technique was used to scan genome of four strains with different shell colors to identify the candidate markers under artificial selection. Eight AFLP primer combinations were screened and yielded 688 loci, 676 (98.26%) of which were polymorphic. In black, gold, red and white strains, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 90.41%, 87.79%, 93.60% and 93.31%, respectively, Nei's gene diversity was 0.3225, 0.2829, 0.3221 and 0.3292, Shannon's information index was 0.4801, 0.4271, 0.4825 and 0.4923, and the value of FST was 0.1805. These results suggested that the four different shell color strains had high genetic diversity and great genetic differentiation among strains, which had been subjected to the continuous selective pressures during the artificial selective breeding. Furthermore, six outlier loci were considered as the candidate markers under artificial selection for shell color. This study provides a molecular evidence for the inheritance of shell color of P. fucata.
马氏珠母贝是我国南方海水珍珠养殖的主要贝种，其壳色是影响珍珠质量的重要因素之一。因此，开展了马氏珠母贝壳色和生长性状的选择育种工作，经过连续 5 代选育，获得了生长快速的黑、金、红和白壳色品系。本研究利用 AFLP 技术对 4 个不同壳色品系进行基因组扫描，以期找到人工选择下的候选标记。共筛选了 8 对 AFLP 引物组合，共检测到 688 个位点，其中 676 个（98.26%）为多态性位点。在黑、金、红和白壳色品系中，多态性位点的比例分别为 90.41%、87.79%、93.60%和 93.31%，Nei 基因多样性分别为 0.3225、0.2829、0.3221 和 0.3292，Shannon 信息指数分别为 0.4801、0.4271、0.4825 和 0.4923，FST 值分别为 0.1805。结果表明，4 个不同壳色品系具有较高的遗传多样性和较大的品系间遗传分化，在人工选择育种过程中受到了持续的选择压力。此外，还鉴定到 6 个可能与壳色相关的受人工选择影响的位点，为马氏珠母贝壳色的遗传机制提供了分子证据。
