Biggs Adam T, Stey Paul C, Davoli Christopher C, Lapsley Daniel, Brockmole James R
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Mar 17;9(3):e91880. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091880. eCollection 2014.
There are a variety of reasons someone might engage in risky behaviors, such as perceived invulnerability to harm or a belief that negative outcomes are more likely for others than for oneself. However, these risk-taking biases are often measured at a decision-making level or from the developmental perspective. Here we assessed whether or not risk-taking influenced perceptual judgments associated with risk. Participants were provided an objective task to measure individual differences in the perception of physical dimensions (i.e., actual size of a balloon) versus the perception of risk (i.e., size at which the balloon would explode). Our results show that specific differences in risk-taking personalities produce specific differences in perceptual judgments about risk, but do not affect perception of the actual dimensions. Thus, risk-takers differ from non-risk-takers in the perceptual estimations they make about risks, and therefore may be more likely to engage in dangerous or uncertain behaviors because they perceive risks differently.
人们可能会有各种原因去从事冒险行为，比如觉得自己不会受到伤害，或者认为负面结果对他人的可能性比对自己更大。然而，这些冒险偏差通常是在决策层面或从发展的角度来衡量的。在这里，我们评估了冒险行为是否会影响与风险相关的感知判断。我们给参与者提供了一项客观任务，以测量他们在对物理维度（即气球的实际大小）的感知与对风险的感知（即气球爆炸时的大小）方面的个体差异。我们的结果表明，冒险性格的特定差异会在对风险的感知判断上产生特定差异，但不会影响对实际维度的感知。因此，冒险者与非冒险者在对风险的感知估计上存在差异，所以他们可能更有可能从事危险或不确定的行为，因为他们对风险的感知不同。
