Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
JAMA Pediatr. 2014 May;168(5):485-92. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.94.
Identifying associations between preschool-aged children's electronic media use and their later well-being is essential to supporting positive long-term outcomes.
To investigate possible dose-response associations of young children's electronic media use with their later well-being.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) study is a prospective cohort study with an intervention component. Data were collected at baseline from September 1, 2007, through June 30, 2008, and at follow-up from September 1, 2009, through May 31, 2010, in 8 European countries participating in the IDEFICS study. This investigation is based on 3604 children aged 2 to 6 years who participated in the longitudinal component of the IDEFICS study only and not in the intervention.
Early childhood electronic media use.
The following 6 indicators of well-being from 2 validated instruments were used as outcomes at follow-up: Peer problems and Emotional problems subscales from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Emotional well-being, Self-esteem, Family functioning, and Social networks subscales from the KINDLR (Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents-Revised Version). Each scale was dichotomized to identify those children at risk for poorer outcomes. Indicators of electronic media use (weekday and weekend television and electronic game [e-game]/computer use) from baseline were used as predictors.
Associations varied between boys and girls; however, associations suggested that increased levels of electronic media use predicted poorer well-being outcomes. Television viewing on weekdays or weekends was more consistently associated with poorer outcomes than e-game/computer use. Across associations, the likelihood of adverse outcomes in children ranged from a 1.2- to 2.0-fold increase for emotional problems and poorer family functioning for each additional hour of television viewing or e-game/computer use depending on the outcome examined.
Higher levels of early childhood electronic media use are associated with children being at risk for poorer outcomes with some indicators of well-being. Further research is required to identify potential mechanisms.
识别学龄前儿童电子媒体使用与他们以后的幸福感之间的关联对于支持积极的长期结果至关重要。
研究幼儿电子媒体使用与他们以后的幸福感之间可能存在的剂量反应关联。
设计、设置和参与者：IDEFICS（儿童和婴儿饮食和生活方式诱导健康效应的识别和预防）研究是一项具有干预成分的前瞻性队列研究。数据于 2007 年 9 月 1 日至 2008 年 6 月 30 日通过基线收集，并于 2009 年 9 月 1 日至 2010 年 5 月 31 日通过随访收集，来自 8 个参与 IDEFICS 研究的欧洲国家。这项研究基于仅参加 IDEFICS 研究的纵向部分而未参加干预的 3604 名 2 至 6 岁儿童。
幼儿电子媒体使用。
以下是 2 种经过验证的工具中的 6 个幸福感指标，作为随访时的结果使用：优势与困难问卷的同伴问题和情绪问题子量表以及儿童和青少年健康相关生活质量测量问卷的情绪健康、自尊、家庭功能和社会网络子量表。每个量表都被二分为确定那些有较差结果风险的儿童。使用基线时的电子媒体使用指标（工作日和周末电视和电子游戏/计算机使用）作为预测指标。
男孩和女孩之间的关联各不相同；然而，关联表明，电子媒体使用水平的增加预示着较差的幸福感结果。工作日或周末的电视观看与较差的结果比电子游戏/计算机使用更为一致。在各种关联中，取决于所检查的结果，每个额外小时的电视观看或电子游戏/计算机使用，儿童发生情绪问题和较差家庭功能的不良结果的可能性增加 1.2 至 2.0 倍。
幼儿时期较高的电子媒体使用水平与儿童面临较差结果的风险有关，一些幸福感指标也是如此。需要进一步研究以确定潜在的机制。
