Maroušek Josef, Hašková Simona, Zeman Robert, Vaníčková Radka
The Institute of Technology and Businesses in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic,
Sci Eng Ethics. 2015 Feb;21(1):203-7. doi: 10.1007/s11948-014-9531-2. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
Biochar is a soil-improving substrate made from phytomass pyrolysis. In Southeast Asia, its application decreases due to the long-term growth of biochar cost and thus caused further prolongation of the payback period. In the Euro-American civilization the biochar application is already almost forgotten once it has been much earlier recognized that the crop yields can be increased much faster with higher doses of nutrients and other agrochemicals. The payback period can be expected in decades. Such a long-time investment into soil fertility raises also many ethical questions. The final decision combines issues of social responsibility, risk and other financial indicators as well as personal preferences and more. The attitudes of Western and Central European decision makers in the agriculture business segment were analyzed on the basis of electronic questionnaire survey and a subsequent interview through their local unions. According to the data, most of them did not know about the possibilities of a more environmentally friendly approach to soil enhancement based on the addition of a fertilizer in the form of biochar. Among others, the collected data also shows that the decision makers from Western Europe have a much different ethical approach to the land and financial indicators than the Central Europeans.
生物炭是一种通过植物生物质热解制成的土壤改良基质。在东南亚，由于生物炭成本的长期增长，其应用有所减少，从而导致投资回收期进一步延长。在欧美文明中，人们早已认识到，通过使用更高剂量的养分和其他农用化学品可以更快地提高作物产量，因此生物炭的应用几乎已被遗忘。投资回收期可能长达数十年。对土壤肥力进行如此长期的投资也引发了许多伦理问题。最终决策综合了社会责任、风险和其他财务指标以及个人偏好等诸多因素。通过电子问卷调查以及随后通过当地工会进行的访谈，对西欧和中欧农业商业领域决策者的态度进行了分析。根据数据，他们中的大多数人并不了解基于添加生物炭形式肥料的更环保土壤改良方法的可能性。此外，收集到的数据还表明，西欧的决策者在土地和财务指标方面的伦理观念与中欧人有很大不同。
