Wolkovich Elizabeth M, Cook Benjamin I, Davies T Jonathan
New Phytol. 2014 Mar;201(4):1156-62. doi: 10.1111/nph.12599. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
Climate change has brought renewed interest in the study of plant phenology - the timing of life history events. Data on shifting phenologies with warming have accumulated rapidly, yet research has been comparatively slow to explain the diversity of phenological responses observed across latitudes, growing seasons and species. Here, we outline recent efforts to synthesize perspectives on plant phenology across the fields of ecology, climate science and evolution. We highlight three major axes that vary among these disciplines: relative focus on abiotic versus biotic drivers of phenology, on plastic versus genetic drivers of intraspecific variation, and on cross-species versus autecological approaches. Recent interdisciplinary efforts, building on data covering diverse species and climate space, have found a greater role of temperature in controlling phenology at higher latitudes and for early-flowering species in temperate systems. These efforts have also made progress in understanding the tremendous diversity of responses across species by incorporating evolutionary relatedness, and linking phenological flexibility to invasions and plant performance. Future research with a focus on data collection in areas outside the temperate mid-latitudes and across species' ranges, alongside better integration of how risk and investment shape plant phenology, offers promise for further progress.
气候变化使人们对植物物候学（即生活史事件的时间安排）的研究重新产生了兴趣。随着气候变暖，有关物候变化的数据迅速积累，但相比之下，解释在不同纬度、生长季节和物种中观察到的物候反应多样性的研究进展较为缓慢。在此，我们概述了近期在生态学、气候科学和进化领域综合植物物候学观点的努力。我们强调了这些学科之间存在差异的三个主要方面：相对侧重于物候的非生物驱动因素与生物驱动因素、种内变异的可塑性驱动因素与遗传驱动因素，以及跨物种方法与个体生态学方法。近期基于涵盖多种物种和气候空间的数据所开展的跨学科研究发现，在高纬度地区以及温带系统中的早花物种中，温度在控制物候方面发挥着更大的作用。这些研究还通过纳入进化相关性，并将物候灵活性与入侵和植物表现联系起来，在理解物种间反应的巨大多样性方面取得了进展。未来的研究若聚焦于温带中纬度以外地区以及物种分布范围内的数据收集，同时更好地整合风险和投资如何塑造植物物候，有望取得进一步进展。
