Delva Jorge, Lee Wonhyung, Sanchez Ninive, Andrade Fernando H, Grogan-Kaylor Andrew, Sanhueza Guillermo, Ho Michelle
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Urban and Regional Planning, University of Michigan, 2000 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Mar 21;11(3):3443-52. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110303443.
Despite the growing evidence that ecological factors contribute to substance use, the relationship of ecological factors and illicit drugs such as marijuana use is not well understood, particularly among adolescents in Latin America. Guided by social disorganization and social stress theories, we prospectively examined the association of disaggregated neighborhood characteristics with marijuana use among adolescents in Santiago, Chile, and tested if these relationships varied by sex.
Data for this study are from 725 community-dwelling adolescents participating in the Santiago Longitudinal Study, a study of substance using behaviors among urban adolescents in Santiago, Chile. Adolescents completed a two-hour interviewer administered questionnaire with questions about drug use and factors related to drug using behaviors.
As the neighborhood levels of drug availability at baseline increased, but not crime or noxious environment, adolescents had higher odds of occasions of marijuana use at follow up, approximately 2 years later (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.16-1.66), even after controlling for the study's covariates. No interactions by sex were significant.
The findings suggest that "poverty", "crime", and "drug problems" may not be synonyms and thus can be understood discretely. As Latin American countries re-examine their drug policies, especially those concerning decriminalizing marijuana use, the findings suggest that attempts to reduce adolescent marijuana use in disadvantaged neighborhoods may do best if efforts are concentrated on specific features of the "substance abuse environment".
尽管越来越多的证据表明生态因素会导致物质使用，但生态因素与诸如大麻使用等非法药物之间的关系尚未得到充分理解，尤其是在拉丁美洲的青少年中。在社会失序和社会压力理论的指导下，我们前瞻性地研究了智利圣地亚哥青少年中邻里特征分类与大麻使用之间的关联，并检验了这些关系是否因性别而异。
本研究的数据来自725名参与圣地亚哥纵向研究的社区青少年，该研究旨在调查智利圣地亚哥城市青少年的物质使用行为。青少年完成了一份由访谈员主持的两小时问卷，其中包含关于药物使用及与药物使用行为相关因素的问题。
在基线时，随着邻里毒品可及性水平的增加（而非犯罪或有害环境），约两年后的随访中青少年大麻使用次数增加的几率更高（优势比[OR]=1.39；95%置信区间[CI]=1.16 - 1.66），即使在控制了研究的协变量之后。性别交互作用不显著。
研究结果表明，“贫困”、“犯罪”和“毒品问题”可能并非同义词，因此可以分别理解。随着拉丁美洲国家重新审视其毒品政策，尤其是那些关于大麻使用合法化的政策，研究结果表明，若将努力集中于“药物滥用环境”的特定特征上，在弱势社区减少青少年大麻使用的尝试可能效果最佳。
