Shabarova Z A
Moscow State University, U.S.S.R.
Biochimie. 1988 Oct;70(10):1323-34. doi: 10.1016/0300-9084(88)90003-x.
This paper deals with the chemical synthesis of natural and modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides and chimeric oligoribo-oligodeoxyribo-nucleotides. The first part describes the synthesis of oligonucleotide probes bearing different types of spacer groups (aminoalkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, amino acids), bound to the 5'- or 3'-terminal phosphate group of oligonucleotides. Two types of reagents have been used to convert the oligonucleotide phosphomonoester group into chemically reactive groups in aqueous media: water-soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxybenzotriazole. The second part involves the description of the chemical ligase method for template-dependent coupling of oligonucleotides. Application of these techniques to replace natural internucleotide bonds in oligonucleotides with modified phosphoramide, pyrophosphate, chimeric ribo-deoxyribo, arabino-deoxyribo, deoxyxylo-deoxyribo, as well as phosphoramidate-alkyl-phosphoramidate internucleotide linkages is described. The final part involves some examples of the interaction of modified oligonucleotide probes with DNA and proteins (restriction enzymes). The use of modified oligonucleotide probes (chimeric oligoribo-oligodeoxyribo-nucleotides linked via the pyrophosphate internucleotide bond) allows the elaboration of a method of regiospecific cleavage of RNA. This method is equivalent to restriction enzyme cleavage of DNA.
本文论述了天然及修饰的寡脱氧核糖核苷酸以及嵌合寡核糖 - 寡脱氧核糖核苷酸的化学合成。第一部分描述了带有不同类型间隔基团（氨基烷基、羟烷基、氨基酸）的寡核苷酸探针的合成，这些间隔基团与寡核苷酸的5'-或3'-末端磷酸基团相连。已使用两种类型的试剂在水性介质中将寡核苷酸磷酸单酯基团转化为化学反应性基团：水溶性碳二亚胺和N-羟基苯并三唑。第二部分涉及寡核苷酸模板依赖性偶联的化学连接酶方法的描述。描述了应用这些技术用修饰的磷酰胺、焦磷酸、嵌合核糖 - 脱氧核糖、阿拉伯糖 - 脱氧核糖、脱氧木糖 - 脱氧核糖以及磷酰胺酯 - 烷基 - 磷酰胺酯核苷酸间连接来取代寡核苷酸中的天然核苷酸间键。最后一部分涉及修饰的寡核苷酸探针与DNA和蛋白质（限制酶）相互作用的一些实例。使用修饰的寡核苷酸探针（通过焦磷酸核苷酸间键连接的嵌合寡核糖 - 寡脱氧核糖核苷酸）使得能够开发一种RNA区域特异性切割方法。该方法等同于DNA的限制酶切割。
