Savitha M R, Nandeeshwara S B, Pradeep Kumar M J, ul-Haque Farhan, Raju C K
Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Mysore, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2007 May;74(5):477-82. doi: 10.1007/s12098-007-0081-3.
Acute respiratory infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under five children in developing countries. Hence, the present study was undertaken to identify various modifiable risk factors for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children aged 1 mth to 5 yr.
104 ALRI cases fulfilling WHO criteria for pneumonia, in the age group of 1 mth to 5 yr were interrogated for potential modifiable risk factors as per a predesigned proforma. 104 healthy control children in the same age group were also interrogated.
The significant sociodemographic risk factors were parental illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, overcrowding and partial immunization, [p value < 0.05 in all]. Significant nutritional risk factors were administration of prelacteal feeds, early weaning, anemia, rickets and malnutrition, [p value < 0.05 in all]. Significant environmental risk factors were use of kerosene lamps, biomass fuel pollution and lack of ventilation [p value < 0.05 in all]. On logistic regression analysis, partial immunization, overcrowding and malnutrition were found to be significant risk factors.
The present study has identified various socio-demographic, nutritional and environmental modifiable risk factors for ALRI which can be tackled by effective education of the community and appropriate initiatives taken by the government.
在发展中国家，急性呼吸道感染是五岁以下儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。因此，本研究旨在确定1个月至5岁儿童急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）的各种可改变风险因素。
按照预先设计的表格，对104例符合世界卫生组织肺炎标准、年龄在1个月至5岁的急性下呼吸道感染病例询问潜在的可改变风险因素。同时也对104名同年龄组的健康对照儿童进行询问。
显著的社会人口统计学风险因素为父母文盲、社会经济地位低下、过度拥挤和部分免疫接种（所有p值均<0.05）。显著的营养风险因素为给予初乳前喂养、过早断奶、贫血、佝偻病和营养不良（所有p值均<0.05）。显著的环境风险因素为使用煤油灯、生物质燃料污染和缺乏通风（所有p值均<0.05）。经逻辑回归分析，部分免疫接种、过度拥挤和营养不良被发现是显著的风险因素。
本研究确定了急性下呼吸道感染的各种社会人口统计学、营养和环境方面的可改变风险因素，可通过对社区进行有效教育以及政府采取适当举措来应对。
