J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2013;23 Suppl 1:1-16.
Antihistamine drugs are one of the therapeutic classes most used at world level, at all ages and in multiple situations. Although in general they have a good safety profile, only the more recent drugs (second generation antihistamines) have been studied specifically with regard to the more important safety aspects. Given the variety of antihistamine drugs, they cannot all be considered equivalent in application to various special clinical situations, so that the documented clinical experience must be assessed in each case or, in the absence of such, the particular pharmacological characteristics of each molecule for the purpose of recommendation in these special situations. In general, there are few clinical studies published for groups of patients with kidney or liver failure, with concomitant multiple pathologies (such as cardiac pathology), in extremes of age (paediatrics or geriatrics) and in natural stages such as pregnancy or lactation, but these are normal situations and it is more and more frequent (among the elderly) for antihistamine drugs to be recommended. This review sets out the more relevant details compiled on the use of antihistamines in these special situations.
抗组胺药物是全球范围内使用最广泛的治疗类别之一，适用于各个年龄段和多种情况。尽管它们通常具有良好的安全性，但只有最近开发的药物（第二代抗组胺药）才针对更重要的安全性方面进行了专门研究。鉴于抗组胺药物种类繁多，它们在各种特殊临床情况下的应用不能一概而论，因此必须根据具体情况评估有记录的临床经验，或者在缺乏这种经验的情况下，根据每个分子的特殊药理学特性来推荐这些特殊情况下的使用。一般来说，在患有肾衰竭或肝功能衰竭、伴有多种合并症（如心脏病理学）、年龄极端（儿科或老年科）以及妊娠或哺乳期等自然阶段的患者群体中，很少有发表的临床研究，但这些都是正常情况，在老年人中，越来越频繁地推荐使用抗组胺药物。本综述列出了在这些特殊情况下使用抗组胺药物的更相关详细信息。
