Nyaradi Anett, Foster Jonathan K, Hickling Siobhan, Li Jianghong, Ambrosini Gina L, Jacques Angela, Oddy Wendy H
School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Sep;55(9):1017-24. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12209. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
The aim of the study was to investigate prospective associations between dietary patterns and cognitive performance during adolescence.
Participants were sourced from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study that includes 2868 children born between 1989 and 1992 in Perth, Western Australia. When the children were 17 years old (2006-2009), cognitive performance was assessed using a computerized cognitive battery of tests (CogState) that included six tasks. Using a food frequency questionnaire administered when the children were 14 years old (2003-2006), 'Healthy' and 'Western' dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Associations between dietary patterns at 14 years of age and cognitive performance at 17 years of age were assessed prospectively using multivariate regression models.
Dietary and cognitive performance data were available for 602 participants. Following adjustment for the 'Healthy' dietary pattern, total energy intake, maternal education, family income, father's presence in the family, family functioning and gender, we found that a longer reaction time in the detection task (β = .016; 95% CI: 0.004; 0.028; p = .009) and a higher number of total errors in the Groton Maze Learning Test - delayed recall task (β = .060; 95% CI: 0.006; 0.114; p = .029) were significantly associated with higher scores on the 'Western' dietary pattern. The 'Western' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of take-away food, red and processed meat, soft drink, fried and refined food. We also found that within the dietary patterns, high intake of fried potato, crisps and red meat had negative associations, while increased fruit and leafy green vegetable intake had positive associations with some aspects of cognitive performance.
Higher dietary intake of the 'Western' dietary pattern at age 14 is associated with diminished cognitive performance 3 years later, at 17 years.
本研究旨在调查青春期饮食模式与认知能力之间的前瞻性关联。
参与者来自西澳大利亚妊娠队列（Raine）研究，该研究纳入了1989年至1992年在西澳大利亚珀斯出生的2868名儿童。当这些儿童17岁时（2006 - 2009年），使用包含六项任务的计算机化认知测试组合（CogState）评估其认知能力。通过对儿童14岁时（2003 - 2006年）进行的食物频率问卷分析，采用因子分析法确定“健康”和“西方”饮食模式。使用多元回归模型前瞻性评估14岁时的饮食模式与17岁时认知能力之间的关联。
602名参与者有饮食和认知能力数据。在对“健康”饮食模式、总能量摄入、母亲教育程度、家庭收入、父亲是否在家庭中、家庭功能和性别进行调整后，我们发现，在检测任务中反应时间更长（β = 0.016；95%置信区间：0.004；0.028；p = 0.009）以及在格罗顿迷宫学习测试 - 延迟回忆任务中总错误数更多（β = 0.060；95%置信区间：0.006；0.114；p = 0.029）与“西方”饮食模式得分较高显著相关。“西方”饮食模式的特点是外卖食品、红肉和加工肉类、软饮料、油炸和精制食品摄入量高。我们还发现，在饮食模式中，油炸土豆、薯片和红肉的高摄入量与认知能力的某些方面呈负相关，而水果和绿叶蔬菜摄入量的增加与认知能力的某些方面呈正相关。
14岁时“西方”饮食模式的较高饮食摄入量与3年后17岁时认知能力下降有关。
