School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6008, Australia.
Nutrients. 2015 Apr 17;7(4):2961-82. doi: 10.3390/nu7042961.
The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and academic performance among 14-year-old adolescents. Study participants were from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. A food frequency questionnaire was administered when the adolescents were 14 years old, and from the dietary data, a 'Healthy' and a 'Western' dietary pattern were identified by factor analysis. The Western Australian Literacy and Numeracy Assessment (WALNA) results from grade nine (age 14) were linked to the Raine Study data by The Western Australian Data Linkage Branch. Associations between the dietary patterns and the WALNA (mathematics, reading and writing scores) were assessed using multivariate linear regression models adjusting for family and socioeconomic characteristics. Complete data on dietary patterns, academic performance and covariates were available for individuals across the different analyses as follows: n = 779 for mathematics, n = 741 for reading and n = 470 for writing. Following adjustment, significant negative associations between the 'Western' dietary pattern and test scores for mathematics (β = -13.14; 95% CI: -24.57; -1.76); p = 0.024) and reading (β = -19.16; 95% CI: -29.85; -8.47; p ≤ 0.001) were observed. A similar trend was found with respect to writing (β = -17.28; 95% CI: -35.74; 1.18; p = 0.066). ANOVA showed significant trends in estimated means of academic scores across quartiles for both the Western and Healthy patterns. Higher scores for the 'Western' dietary pattern are associated with poorer academic performance in adolescence.
本研究旨在调查 14 岁青少年的饮食模式与学业成绩之间的横断面关联。研究参与者来自西澳大利亚妊娠队列（Raine）研究。当青少年 14 岁时，进行了食物频率问卷调查，并且通过因子分析确定了“健康”和“西方”饮食模式。通过西澳大利亚数据链接分支机构，将 9 年级（14 岁）的西澳大利亚读写和计算评估（WALNA）结果与 Raine 研究数据相关联。通过多元线性回归模型，在校正家庭和社会经济特征后，评估了饮食模式与 WALNA（数学、阅读和写作成绩）之间的关联。不同分析中，有完整的饮食模式、学业成绩和协变量数据的个体如下：n = 779 用于数学，n = 741 用于阅读，n = 470 用于写作。调整后，“西方”饮食模式与数学（β = -13.14；95%CI：-24.57；-1.76）和阅读（β = -19.16；95%CI：-29.85；-8.47；p ≤ 0.001）测试成绩之间存在显著负相关。在写作方面也发现了类似的趋势（β = -17.28；95%CI：-35.74；1.18；p = 0.066）。方差分析显示，在西方和健康模式的四分位组中，学业成绩的估计平均值存在显著趋势。“西方”饮食模式的得分越高，青少年的学业成绩越差。
